[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":485},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna":157,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy":158,"section-listing:disabled":452,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel|\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt|\u002Fopredelitel":453,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic":458},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":108,"coverImage":109,"description":110,"diet":111,"extension":115,"family":116,"familySlug":117,"faq":118,"imagePrompt":128,"latinName":26,"meta":129,"navigation":130,"order":131,"pageType":132,"path":133,"publishedAt":134,"readingMinutes":135,"relatedLinks":136,"relatedSpecies":131,"season":149,"seo":150,"sitemap":153,"stem":154,"tags":131,"updatedAt":131,"wingspanCm":155,"__hash__":156},"species_en\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna.md","Black Woodpecker",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":99},"minimark",[9,14,32,35,39,46,49,53,60,63,67,82,86],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"appearance","Appearance",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27,28,31],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"black woodpecker"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Dryocopus martius",") is by far the largest woodpecker found in Europe, with a wingspan of ",[19,29,30],{},"64 to 68 cm"," and a body length of about 45 to 57 cm, weighing between roughly 250 and 380 grams — a size close to that of a crow, quite different in scale from the much smaller great spotted woodpecker also covered in this atlas. Its plumage is a uniform, glossy black across the entire body, offset by a striking crimson-red crown patch and a pale, ivory-colored beak that stands out clearly against the dark head.",[15,33,34],{},"The extent of red on the crown provides the clearest way to distinguish the sexes: the male shows a solid red patch running the full length of the crown from the beak to the nape, while the female's red is confined to a smaller patch only at the back of the head. In flight, the species' large size, slow, deep, somewhat crow-like wingbeats, and loud, far-carrying calls usually make it easy to identify even at a distance.",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"range-and-habitat","Range and habitat",[15,40,41,42,45],{},"The black woodpecker has a broad range spanning most of forested Europe and extends across the boreal taiga belt of Russia into Siberia. It is ",[19,43,44],{},"strongly resident",", with established pairs generally remaining within a large territory year-round rather than migrating.",[15,47,48],{},"It favors mature, structurally diverse forest, particularly stands with a good supply of large dead or decaying trees, since both its excavation of nest cavities and much of its foraging on wood-dwelling ants depend on the availability of substantial deadwood, a resource often scarcer in intensively managed, younger commercial forestry than in older, less disturbed woodland.",[10,50,52],{"id":51},"behavior-and-lifestyle","Behavior and lifestyle",[15,54,55,56,59],{},"Black woodpeckers feed heavily on ",[19,57,58],{},"carpenter ants and other wood-dwelling ant species",", which can make up the majority of the diet, extracted by excavating deep into ant colonies within dead or decaying wood using powerful, forceful strikes considerably more extensive than the more precise, localized excavation typical of smaller woodpeckers. Wood-boring beetle larvae and other forest insects supplement this ant-heavy diet throughout the year.",[15,61,62],{},"The species' large excavations, particularly the substantial nest cavities carved into mature trees, extend well beyond the bird's own needs: once vacated, these cavities are reused extensively by a range of other forest animals that cannot excavate cavities of their own, including tawny owls, stock doves, and pine martens, giving the black woodpecker significant standing as what ecologists describe as an ecosystem engineer within its forest habitat.",[10,64,66],{"id":65},"breeding","Breeding",[15,68,69,70,73,74,77,78,81],{},"Black woodpeckers excavate a large, deep nest cavity, typically higher and considerably more spacious than the cavities of smaller European woodpeckers, most often in a mature tree with heart rot or other internal decay that makes deep excavation more feasible. The typical clutch is ",[19,71,72],{},"3 to 5 eggs",", most often 4, incubated by both parents for ",[19,75,76],{},"12 to 14 days",". Chicks fledge at around ",[19,79,80],{},"24 to 28 days"," old, a comparatively long nestling period reflecting both the large size of the species and the correspondingly extended development needed before independence.",[10,83,85],{"id":84},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[87,88,89,93,96],"ul",{},[90,91,92],"li",{},"A single black woodpecker excavation can be large and deep enough to later shelter species as different as a nesting tawny owl and a resting pine marten, illustrating just how far the ecological impact of this one species' activity extends beyond its own breeding needs.",[90,94,95],{},"The black woodpecker's loud, ringing calls and distinctive, powerful drumming, produced on especially resonant deadwood, can carry over considerable distances through dense forest, making the species relatively easy to detect by ear even in habitat too thick for easy visual observation.",[90,97,98],{},"Forest management practices that deliberately retain standing deadwood, rather than removing it entirely, have been shown in several European studies to directly benefit black woodpecker populations, illustrating a clear, practical link between forestry decisions and the conservation of this ecologically influential species.",{"title":100,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":102},"",2,[103,104,105,106,107],{"id":12,"depth":101,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":101,"text":38},{"id":51,"depth":101,"text":52},{"id":65,"depth":101,"text":66},{"id":84,"depth":101,"text":85},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna.png","The black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) is Europe's largest woodpecker, an entirely black, crow-sized bird whose huge excavated cavities provide essential shelter for owls, martens, and many other forest animals.",[112,113,114],"Carpenter ants and other wood-dwelling ants, a large share of the diet","Wood-boring beetle larvae extracted from dead trees","Other forest insects and larvae","md","Picidae (Woodpeckers)","dyatlovye",[119,122,125],{"q":120,"a":121},"How big is the black woodpecker compared to other European woodpeckers?","It is by a wide margin the largest woodpecker found in Europe, with a wingspan reaching up to 68 cm and a body length of roughly 45 to 57 cm — close to the size of a crow and considerably larger than the great spotted woodpecker, giving it a heavy, powerful, unmistakable silhouette both at rest and in its slow, deep, undulating flight.",{"q":123,"a":124},"Why is the black woodpecker considered important for other forest wildlife?","The species excavates unusually large, deep nest cavities, considerably bigger than those of most other European woodpeckers, and once vacated these cavities are used by a wide range of other forest animals unable to excavate their own, including tawny owls, stock doves, and pine martens, giving the black woodpecker an outsized role as an ecosystem engineer that supports biodiversity well beyond its own population.",{"q":126,"a":127},"How is the male black woodpecker different from the female?","The male shows a solid crimson-red patch covering the entire crown from the beak to the back of the head, while the female's red is restricted to a smaller patch only at the very back of the crown — otherwise both sexes share the same entirely glossy black body plumage and pale ivory-colored beak.","Photorealistic wildlife photography, Dryocopus martius black woodpecker clinging to the trunk of a large dead spruce, entirely glossy black body plumage, vivid crimson-red crown patch, pale ivory-colored beak, stiff tail feathers braced against the bark, sharp focus on the eye, soft-focus background of an old-growth mixed forest interior with fallen deadwood, soft cool overcast light filtering through the canopy, shallow depth of field, telephoto lens compression, 16:9",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna","13.07.2026",1,[137,141,145],{"label":138,"path":139,"description":140},"Great spotted woodpecker","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel","A much smaller relative in the same family",{"label":142,"path":143,"description":144},"Tawny owl","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt","A cavity-nesting species that often benefits from old black woodpecker holes",{"label":146,"path":147,"description":148},"Bird identifier","\u002Fopredelitel","Identify a bird you've seen by color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season","resident year-round",{"title":151,"description":152},"Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) — identification, range","Black woodpecker: Europe's largest woodpecker, entirely black with a red crown, an ecosystem engineer whose cavities shelter many other forest species.",{"loc":133},"vidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna","64–68","P4ccrUApPP0UNGda8WXgpEgvA5hwAEHl4ceyhPozwoo",{"ru":130,"es":130},[159,164,169,170,175,181,186,191,196,201,206,211,216,221,226,231,236,241,246,251,256,262,267,272,277,282,287,292,297,302,307,312,317,322,327,332,338,342,347,352,357,362,367,373,378,383,388,393,398,403,408,413,418,422,427,432,437,442,447],{"title":160,"description":161,"path":162,"coverImage":163,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Barn Swallow","The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is a sleek, deeply forked-tailed aerial hunter and one of the world's most celebrated long-distance migrants, nesting in barns and outbuildings across nearly the entire Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":165,"description":166,"path":167,"coverImage":168,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Black Kite","The black kite (Milvus migrans) is one of the most abundant birds of prey on Earth, an adaptable scavenger easily recognized by its shallow forked tail and buoyant, twisting flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun.png",{"title":5,"description":110,"path":133,"coverImage":109,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},{"title":171,"description":172,"path":173,"coverImage":174,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Black-headed Gull","The black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) is Europe's most familiar small gull, easily identified by its chocolate-brown breeding hood and readily seen far from the coast on inland lakes and city parks.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika.png",{"title":176,"description":177,"path":178,"coverImage":179,"publishedAt":180,"order":131},"Black-necked Grebe","The black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) is a small colonial-nesting grebe known for its striking golden ear-tufts, red eyes, and preference for breeding on shallow, gull-fringed lakes.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka.png","14.08.2026",{"title":182,"description":183,"path":184,"coverImage":185,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Coal Tit","The coal tit (Periparus ater) is the smallest European tit, a conifer-forest specialist with a distinctive white nape patch and an intense drive to cache seeds against future shortages.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka.png",{"title":187,"description":188,"path":189,"coverImage":190,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Blackbird","The common blackbird (Turdus merula) is one of Europe's most familiar garden birds, the glossy black male with his bright orange bill instantly recognizable, and his fluting dawn song among the most beautiful in Europe.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd.png",{"title":192,"description":193,"path":194,"coverImage":195,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Buzzard","The common buzzard (Buteo buteo) is the most widespread bird of prey in Europe, a broad-winged soarer often seen circling over fields or perched on roadside posts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny.png",{"title":197,"description":198,"path":199,"coverImage":200,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Chaffinch","The common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) is one of the most abundant and widespread songbirds in Europe, the brightly colored male known for his cheerful, cascading spring song.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik.png",{"title":202,"description":203,"path":204,"coverImage":205,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Cuckoo","The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a grey, hawk-like migrant famous for its instantly recognizable call and its remarkable brood-parasitic lifestyle, laying its eggs exclusively in the nests of other birds.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka.png",{"title":207,"description":208,"path":209,"coverImage":210,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Gull","The common gull (Larus canus) is a medium-sized, clean-headed gull with a plain yellow-green bill, a familiar sight on rivers, lakes, and coasts mainly during spring and autumn passage.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika.png",{"title":212,"description":213,"path":214,"coverImage":215,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common House Martin","The common house martin (Delichon urbicum) is a glossy blue-black aerial insect-hunter easily told from the barn swallow by its clean white rump, and famous for building enclosed mud nests under building eaves.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":217,"description":218,"path":219,"coverImage":220,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Kestrel","The common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is Europe's most familiar falcon, easily recognized by its habit of hovering motionless in the air while hunting voles over open ground.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga.png",{"title":222,"description":223,"path":224,"coverImage":225,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Raven","The common raven (Corvus corax) is the largest member of the crow family and the largest of all songbirds, an immensely intelligent, all-black aerial acrobat found across the Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron.png",{"title":227,"description":228,"path":229,"coverImage":230,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Starling","The common starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is a glossy, iridescent songbird famous for its extraordinary vocal mimicry and for forming vast, swirling winter flocks known as murmurations.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets.png",{"title":232,"description":233,"path":234,"coverImage":235,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Swift","The common swift (Apus apus) is a scythe-winged aerial specialist that spends almost its entire life airborne, feeding, sleeping, and even mating on the wing, only landing to nest.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh.png",{"title":237,"description":238,"path":239,"coverImage":240,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Wood Pigeon","The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) is Europe's largest and most widespread pigeon, easily told from the smaller rock dove by its white neck patch and heavier, more powerful build.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir.png",{"title":242,"description":243,"path":244,"coverImage":245,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Blackcap","The Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) is a plain grey-brown warbler with a neat black or chestnut cap, prized for a rich, fluting song and famous for rapidly evolving a brand-new migration route within living memory.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka.png",{"title":247,"description":248,"path":249,"coverImage":250,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Blue Tit","The Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) is a small, acrobatic garden favorite with a vivid blue cap and yellow underparts, whose breeding timing is so tightly tuned to caterpillar abundance it has become a classic model for studying climate change.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka.png",{"title":252,"description":253,"path":254,"coverImage":255,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Bullfinch","The Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) is a stocky, shy finch whose male's vivid rose-pink underparts make it one of the most striking winter garden visitors across much of Europe and Russia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir.png",{"title":257,"description":258,"path":259,"coverImage":260,"publishedAt":261,"order":131},"Eurasian Coot","The Eurasian coot (Fulica atra) is a bold, aggressively territorial waterbird, recognized by its all-black plumage and bright white bill and frontal shield.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha.png","19.08.2026",{"title":263,"description":264,"path":265,"coverImage":266,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Eagle-Owl","The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is one of the largest owls in the world, a powerful nocturnal predator of cliffs and forests capable of taking prey as large as foxes and other raptors.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin.png",{"title":268,"description":269,"path":270,"coverImage":271,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Golden Oriole","The Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus) is one of the most brilliantly colored songbirds in Europe, yet its shy, canopy-dwelling habits mean it is far more often heard than seen.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga.png",{"title":273,"description":274,"path":275,"coverImage":276,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Hoopoe","The Eurasian hoopoe (Upupa epops) is one of the most unmistakable birds in its range, a pinkish-orange bird with bold black-and-white striped wings and a tall, erectile crest, its long curved beak built for probing soil.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod.png",{"title":278,"description":279,"path":280,"coverImage":281,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Jay","The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a shy, colorful woodland corvid famous for its vivid blue wing patch and its habit of burying thousands of acorns each autumn, helping oak forests spread.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka.png",{"title":283,"description":284,"path":285,"coverImage":286,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Magpie","The Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) is a strikingly patterned black-and-white corvid with a long wedge-shaped tail and iridescent wings, famous among birds for passing the mirror self-recognition test.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka.png",{"title":288,"description":289,"path":290,"coverImage":291,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Siskin","The Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus) is a small, acrobatic finch of coniferous forest, often seen hanging upside down from spruce and alder cones while feeding in restless, chattering flocks.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh.png",{"title":293,"description":294,"path":295,"coverImage":296,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Skylark","The Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) is a streaky brown farmland bird famous for singing continuously while climbing almost out of sight into the open sky, and for its dramatic decline across intensively farmed Western Europe.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok.png",{"title":298,"description":299,"path":300,"coverImage":301,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Tree Sparrow","The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is a smaller, more rural relative of the house sparrow, told apart by its chestnut cap and neat black cheek spot, and both sexes look alike.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei.png",{"title":303,"description":304,"path":305,"coverImage":306,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Goldfinch","The European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) is one of Europe's most vividly colored songbirds, a thistle-seed specialist with a bold red face and golden-yellow wing flash.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol.png",{"title":308,"description":309,"path":310,"coverImage":311,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Greenfinch","The European greenfinch (Chloris chloris) is a stocky, olive-green finch with flashes of bright yellow in the wings and tail, known for its buzzy, wheezing song and heavy seed-cracking beak.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka.png",{"title":313,"description":314,"path":315,"coverImage":316,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Pied Flycatcher","The European pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) is a bold black-and-white migrant, a nest-box favorite among researchers, and one of the most closely studied songbirds for how climate change is disrupting migration timing.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka.png",{"title":318,"description":319,"path":320,"coverImage":321,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Robin","The European robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a small, fiercely territorial songbird instantly recognized by its orange-red face and breast, and one of the few European birds to sing through much of the winter.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka.png",{"title":323,"description":324,"path":325,"coverImage":326,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Turtle Dove","The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is a small, warm-toned migrant dove known for its soft purring song and a population decline so steep it is now classified as globally Vulnerable.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa.png",{"title":328,"description":329,"path":330,"coverImage":331,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Fieldfare","The fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) is a large, gregarious thrush known for forming big winter flocks in berry-laden trees and for its unusual, colonial breeding habit backed by coordinated group defense.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik.png",{"title":333,"description":334,"path":335,"coverImage":336,"publishedAt":337,"order":131},"Great Crested Grebe","The great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is the largest Eurasian grebe, famous for its elaborate mutual courtship dance and its ornate double crest and chestnut-and-black head ruff.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka.png","12.08.2026",{"title":339,"description":340,"path":139,"coverImage":341,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Great Spotted Woodpecker","The great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is the most widespread woodpecker in Europe, a bold black-and-white bird known for its rapid drumming and a bright red patch beneath the tail.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel.png",{"title":343,"description":344,"path":345,"coverImage":346,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Great Tit","The great tit (Parus major) is the largest and most familiar European tit, a bold, adaptable garden bird known for its bright yellow underparts, black head, and endlessly varied calls.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa.png",{"title":348,"description":349,"path":350,"coverImage":351,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Grey Heron","The grey heron (Ardea cinerea) is a tall, statuesque wetland hunter known for standing motionless in shallow water before striking at fish with lightning speed.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya.png",{"title":353,"description":354,"path":355,"coverImage":356,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Greylag Goose","The greylag goose (Anser anser) is the wild ancestor of most domestic geese, a large grey-brown grazing bird best known for its loud honking calls and the strong lifelong pair bonds it forms.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus.png",{"title":358,"description":359,"path":360,"coverImage":361,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Hooded Crow","The hooded crow (Corvus cornix) is a highly intelligent, ash-grey and black corvid that replaces the all-black carrion crow across Eastern Europe, Russia, and Scandinavia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona.png",{"title":363,"description":364,"path":365,"coverImage":366,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"House Sparrow","The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is one of the most widespread birds on Earth, a familiar, sociable companion of human settlements, though its numbers have fallen sharply in many Western cities.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei.png",{"title":368,"description":369,"path":370,"coverImage":371,"publishedAt":372,"order":131},"Little Grebe","The little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) is the smallest European grebe, a dumpy, tailless-looking diver more often heard than seen, its loud whinnying trill echoing from dense waterside vegetation.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka.png","10.08.2026",{"title":374,"description":375,"path":376,"coverImage":377,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Long-eared Owl","The long-eared owl (Asio otus) is a slender, secretive owl of dense conifers, instantly recognizable by its long feathered ear tufts and fiery orange eyes, and famous for forming communal winter roosts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova.png",{"title":379,"description":380,"path":381,"coverImage":382,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Mallard","The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most familiar duck across the Northern Hemisphere, instantly recognized by the drake's glossy bottle-green head and found on almost any body of water year-round.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva.png",{"title":384,"description":385,"path":386,"coverImage":387,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Mute Swan","The mute swan (Cygnus olor) is one of the world's largest flying birds, instantly recognized by its pure white plumage, gracefully curved neck, and orange bill with a black basal knob.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun.png",{"title":389,"description":390,"path":391,"coverImage":392,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Northern Goshawk","The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a powerful, secretive forest hawk built for explosive short bursts of speed through dense woodland in pursuit of birds and mammals.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik.png",{"title":394,"description":395,"path":396,"coverImage":397,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Northern Lapwing","The northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) is a striking farmland wader known for its wispy head crest, iridescent green-black upperparts, and spectacular tumbling display flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis.png",{"title":399,"description":400,"path":401,"coverImage":402,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Red Crossbill","The red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is a specialist finch of coniferous forest with a uniquely crossed beak built for prying seeds from spruce and pine cones, and a breeding season that can start in the dead of winter.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik.png",{"title":404,"description":405,"path":406,"coverImage":407,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Rock Dove","The rock dove (Columba livia) is the wild ancestor of every domestic and feral pigeon, a cliff-nesting species whose descendants now thrive as one of the most familiar birds of cities worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub.png",{"title":409,"description":410,"path":411,"coverImage":412,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Rook","The rook (Corvus frugilegus) is a highly social, glossy-black corvid of farmland, known for its bare greyish face patch and its habit of nesting in large, noisy tree-top colonies called rookeries.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach.png",{"title":414,"description":415,"path":416,"coverImage":417,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Song Thrush","The song thrush (Turdus philomelos) is a richly spotted woodland thrush famous for its melodious, endlessly repeated song and its habit of smashing snail shells open on a favorite stone 'anvil.'","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd.png",{"title":419,"description":420,"path":143,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Tawny Owl","The tawny owl (Strix aluco) is the most familiar owl across much of Europe and western Russia, a stocky, big-headed woodland hunter best known for its haunting hooting call after dark.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt.png",{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Thrush Nightingale","The thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) is a plain, skulking songbird of dense riverside thickets, famous far beyond its unassuming looks for one of the richest, loudest night songs of any European bird.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey.png",{"title":428,"description":429,"path":430,"coverImage":431,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Western Jackdaw","The western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) is the smallest common European corvid, a sociable, cavity-nesting bird easily recognized by its pale silvery-grey eye and steel-grey nape.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka.png",{"title":433,"description":434,"path":435,"coverImage":436,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"White Stork","The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a massive, long-legged wetland and farmland bird famous for its huge stick nests on rooftops and chimneys, and for a bill-clattering display that replaces true vocal calls.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist.png",{"title":438,"description":439,"path":440,"coverImage":441,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"White Wagtail","The white wagtail (Motacilla alba) is a slim, black-and-white bird known for its constantly bobbing tail, brisk running gait, and spectacular communal winter roosts that sometimes form in the middle of busy towns.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka.png",{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"White-tailed Eagle","The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is Europe's largest eagle, a massive fish- and waterbird-hunting raptor of coasts, lakes, and river valleys, once nearly lost to persecution and pesticides.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost.png",{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Yellowhammer","The yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) is a vividly yellow-headed farmland bunting known for its distinctive, rhythmic song, often rendered in English as 'a little bit of bread and no cheese.'","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka.png",[],[454,455,456],{"label":138,"path":139,"description":140,"coverImage":341},{"label":142,"path":143,"description":144,"coverImage":421},{"label":146,"path":147,"description":148,"coverImage":457},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Findex.png",[459,464,470,475,480],{"title":460,"description":461,"path":462,"coverImage":463,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Birds of Prey","Birds of prey hunt live vertebrate prey with keen eyesight, sharp talons, and a hooked bill — from the hovering common kestrel to the massive, fish-hunting white-tailed eagle.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy.png",{"title":465,"description":466,"path":467,"coverImage":468,"publishedAt":469,"order":131},"How to Identify a Bird Species","Most bird identification starts with an observation, not a name — plumage color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season narrow the field faster than flipping through a list of species.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy.png","14.07.2026",{"title":471,"description":472,"path":473,"coverImage":474,"publishedAt":469,"order":131},"Rare and Threatened Birds","Some birds in this atlas carry a conservation status above Least Concern — from the northern lapwing (NT) to the European turtle dove (VU). This is a reminder that even familiar species can face serious pressure.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy.png",{"title":476,"description":477,"path":478,"coverImage":479,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Songbirds","Songbirds are the largest and most vocally elaborate group of birds in the atlas — from the chaffinch's cascading spring song to the nightingale's celebrated night-time performance.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy.png",{"title":481,"description":482,"path":483,"coverImage":484,"publishedAt":469,"order":131},"Waterfowl and Wetland Birds","Waterfowl and other wetland birds span dabbling ducks, grazing geese, elegant swans, and patient wading hunters — from the everyday mallard to the towering mute swan and the motionless grey heron.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy.png",1787114559580]