[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":493},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka":165,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy":166,"section-listing:disabled":460,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka|\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok|\u002Fopredelitel":461,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic":466},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":116,"coverImage":117,"description":118,"diet":119,"extension":123,"family":124,"familySlug":125,"faq":126,"imagePrompt":136,"latinName":26,"meta":137,"navigation":138,"order":139,"pageType":140,"path":141,"publishedAt":142,"readingMinutes":143,"relatedLinks":144,"relatedSpecies":139,"season":157,"seo":158,"sitemap":161,"stem":162,"tags":139,"updatedAt":139,"wingspanCm":163,"__hash__":164},"species_en\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka.md","Yellowhammer",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":107},"minimark",[9,14,32,35,39,50,53,57,68,71,75,90,94],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"appearance","Appearance",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27,28,31],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"yellowhammer"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Emberiza citrinella",") is a medium-sized bunting with a wingspan of ",[19,29,30],{},"23 to 29.5 cm"," and a body length of about 16 to 16.5 cm, weighing between roughly 24 and 30 grams. The breeding male is unmistakable, with a bright lemon-yellow head and underparts, set against a warm chestnut-brown, dark-streaked back and rump, and a chestnut wash across the breast that varies somewhat between individuals.",[15,33,34],{},"Females and juveniles are noticeably duller and more heavily streaked overall, with far less extensive yellow coloring, particularly on the head, which can make them considerably harder to distinguish at a glance from some other similarly streaked farmland buntings, though the overall size, shape, and any hint of yellow tone usually help confirm identification alongside habitat and behavior.",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"range-and-habitat","Range and habitat",[15,40,41,42,45,46,49],{},"The yellowhammer breeds across nearly all of Europe and extends through temperate Russia into western Siberia. Populations across the milder west and south of the range are largely ",[19,43,44],{},"resident",", while birds breeding in colder parts of northern and eastern Russia show partial migratory movement, present further south between roughly ",[19,47,48],{},"October and March",".",[15,51,52],{},"It is closely tied to farmland with hedgerows, scrubby field margins, and open countryside offering a mix of song perches and ground cover, and is generally absent from dense woodland or heavily urbanized areas, reflecting a strong dependence on traditional, structurally diverse agricultural landscapes.",[10,54,56],{"id":55},"behavior-and-lifestyle","Behavior and lifestyle",[15,58,59,60,63,64,67],{},"Yellowhammers feed mainly on ",[19,61,62],{},"seeds and grain",", particularly weed seeds found along field margins and hedgerow bases, shifting toward ",[19,65,66],{},"insects and other invertebrates"," during the breeding season to meet the higher protein demands of growing chicks. Foraging typically takes place on open ground, close to the hedgerow cover the species relies on for both nesting and escape from predators.",[15,69,70],{},"The male's persistent, rhythmic song, delivered from an exposed perch atop a hedge, fence post, or wire, is one of the most familiar and easily learned bird songs across European farmland, its distinctive rhythm — often mimicked in English as \"a little bit of bread and no cheese\" — making it a useful entry point for beginning birdwatchers learning to identify birds by ear. Outside the breeding season, yellowhammers often form loose flocks, sometimes joining other buntings and finches at shared winter feeding areas.",[10,72,74],{"id":73},"breeding","Breeding",[15,76,77,78,81,82,85,86,89],{},"The female builds a fairly loose cup nest of grass and moss low in dense hedge or scrub cover, often close to the ground. The typical clutch is ",[19,79,80],{},"3 to 5 eggs",", incubated mainly by the female for ",[19,83,84],{},"12 to 14 days",". Chicks fledge at around ",[19,87,88],{},"11 to 13 days"," old, and pairs commonly raise two or three broods across an extended breeding season from spring into late summer.",[10,91,93],{"id":92},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[95,96,97,101,104],"ul",{},[98,99,100],"li",{},"Alongside the skylark, the yellowhammer has become one of the most frequently cited farmland bird species in conservation research into the effects of agricultural intensification, with population monitoring data extending back many decades in parts of Western Europe.",[98,102,103],{},"The yellowhammer's rhythmic song mnemonic, \"a little bit of bread and no cheese,\" is one of the best-known examples of a bird song mnemonic in English-language birdwatching culture, widely used to teach beginners to recognize the species by ear.",[98,105,106],{},"Research studies have documented regional \"dialects\" in yellowhammer song across parts of its range, with the final note pattern varying subtly between geographically distinct populations, similar to documented song dialects in some other common European songbirds.",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":110},"",2,[111,112,113,114,115],{"id":12,"depth":109,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":109,"text":38},{"id":55,"depth":109,"text":56},{"id":73,"depth":109,"text":74},{"id":92,"depth":109,"text":93},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka.png","The yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) is a vividly yellow-headed farmland bunting known for its distinctive, rhythmic song, often rendered in English as 'a little bit of bread and no cheese.'",[120,121,122],"Seeds and grain","Insects and other invertebrates, especially fed to nestlings","Weed seeds found along field margins","md","Emberizidae (Buntings)","ovsyankovye",[127,130,133],{"q":128,"a":129},"What does the yellowhammer's song actually sound like?","The song is a distinctive, rhythmic series of short, similar notes ending in one or two longer, drawn-out notes, a pattern English speakers have long rendered mnemonically as 'a little bit of bread and no cheese,' with the final stretched note corresponding to the word 'cheese' — one of the more famous and widely taught song mnemonics in British birdwatching tradition.",{"q":131,"a":132},"Why is the yellowhammer often mentioned alongside the skylark as a symbol of farmland bird decline?","Like the skylark, the yellowhammer has suffered significant population declines across intensively farmed parts of Western Europe since the mid-20th century, driven by similar underlying pressures — the loss of hedgerows and field margins, reduced weed seed availability from more efficient modern farming, and fewer insects to feed chicks — making it another frequently cited indicator species for the broader ecological cost of agricultural intensification.",{"q":134,"a":135},"How can I tell a male yellowhammer from a female?","Males are far more vividly marked, with a bright lemon-yellow head and underparts set against a chestnut-brown, streaked back and rump. Females and juveniles are considerably duller and more heavily streaked overall, with far less extensive yellow, making the male's bold coloring the more reliable and immediately obvious identification feature of the two sexes.","Photorealistic wildlife photography, Emberiza citrinella yellowhammer male singing from an exposed perch atop a bare hawthorn hedge, vivid lemon-yellow head and underparts, chestnut-brown streaked back and rump, beak open mid-song, sharp focus on the eye, soft-focus background of an open farmland hedgerow with a ploughed field beyond, warm bright morning light from camera-left, shallow depth of field, telephoto lens compression, 16:9",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka","13.07.2026",1,[145,149,153],{"label":146,"path":147,"description":148},"White wagtail","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka","Another common farmland and open-country bird",{"label":150,"path":151,"description":152},"Eurasian skylark","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok","Another farmland specialist affected by agricultural change",{"label":154,"path":155,"description":156},"Bird identifier","\u002Fopredelitel","Identify a bird you've seen by color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season","mostly resident; some northern and eastern populations partially migratory October – March",{"title":159,"description":160},"Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) — identification, song, range","Yellowhammer: a vivid yellow-headed farmland bunting known for its distinctive song. Identification, diet, range, and its role as a farmland decline indicator.",{"loc":141},"vidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka","23–29.5","QKKnpOXi1vhXPTwFnZQRAMrw6MmF_tUdR3_tbk0rtfM",{"ru":138,"es":138},[167,172,177,182,187,193,198,203,208,213,218,223,228,233,238,243,248,253,258,263,268,274,279,284,289,294,299,304,308,313,318,323,328,333,338,343,349,354,359,364,369,374,379,385,390,395,400,405,410,415,420,425,430,435,440,445,450,454,459],{"title":168,"description":169,"path":170,"coverImage":171,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Barn Swallow","The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is a sleek, deeply forked-tailed aerial hunter and one of the world's most celebrated long-distance migrants, nesting in barns and outbuildings across nearly the entire Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":173,"description":174,"path":175,"coverImage":176,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Black Kite","The black kite (Milvus migrans) is one of the most abundant birds of prey on Earth, an adaptable scavenger easily recognized by its shallow forked tail and buoyant, twisting flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun.png",{"title":178,"description":179,"path":180,"coverImage":181,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Black Woodpecker","The black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) is Europe's largest woodpecker, an entirely black, crow-sized bird whose huge excavated cavities provide essential shelter for owls, martens, and many other forest animals.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna.png",{"title":183,"description":184,"path":185,"coverImage":186,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Black-headed Gull","The black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) is Europe's most familiar small gull, easily identified by its chocolate-brown breeding hood and readily seen far from the coast on inland lakes and city parks.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika.png",{"title":188,"description":189,"path":190,"coverImage":191,"publishedAt":192,"order":139},"Black-necked Grebe","The black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) is a small colonial-nesting grebe known for its striking golden ear-tufts, red eyes, and preference for breeding on shallow, gull-fringed lakes.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka.png","14.08.2026",{"title":194,"description":195,"path":196,"coverImage":197,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Coal Tit","The coal tit (Periparus ater) is the smallest European tit, a conifer-forest specialist with a distinctive white nape patch and an intense drive to cache seeds against future shortages.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka.png",{"title":199,"description":200,"path":201,"coverImage":202,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Blackbird","The common blackbird (Turdus merula) is one of Europe's most familiar garden birds, the glossy black male with his bright orange bill instantly recognizable, and his fluting dawn song among the most beautiful in Europe.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd.png",{"title":204,"description":205,"path":206,"coverImage":207,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Buzzard","The common buzzard (Buteo buteo) is the most widespread bird of prey in Europe, a broad-winged soarer often seen circling over fields or perched on roadside posts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny.png",{"title":209,"description":210,"path":211,"coverImage":212,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Chaffinch","The common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) is one of the most abundant and widespread songbirds in Europe, the brightly colored male known for his cheerful, cascading spring song.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik.png",{"title":214,"description":215,"path":216,"coverImage":217,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Cuckoo","The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a grey, hawk-like migrant famous for its instantly recognizable call and its remarkable brood-parasitic lifestyle, laying its eggs exclusively in the nests of other birds.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka.png",{"title":219,"description":220,"path":221,"coverImage":222,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Gull","The common gull (Larus canus) is a medium-sized, clean-headed gull with a plain yellow-green bill, a familiar sight on rivers, lakes, and coasts mainly during spring and autumn passage.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika.png",{"title":224,"description":225,"path":226,"coverImage":227,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common House Martin","The common house martin (Delichon urbicum) is a glossy blue-black aerial insect-hunter easily told from the barn swallow by its clean white rump, and famous for building enclosed mud nests under building eaves.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":229,"description":230,"path":231,"coverImage":232,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Kestrel","The common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is Europe's most familiar falcon, easily recognized by its habit of hovering motionless in the air while hunting voles over open ground.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga.png",{"title":234,"description":235,"path":236,"coverImage":237,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Raven","The common raven (Corvus corax) is the largest member of the crow family and the largest of all songbirds, an immensely intelligent, all-black aerial acrobat found across the Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron.png",{"title":239,"description":240,"path":241,"coverImage":242,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Starling","The common starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is a glossy, iridescent songbird famous for its extraordinary vocal mimicry and for forming vast, swirling winter flocks known as murmurations.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets.png",{"title":244,"description":245,"path":246,"coverImage":247,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Swift","The common swift (Apus apus) is a scythe-winged aerial specialist that spends almost its entire life airborne, feeding, sleeping, and even mating on the wing, only landing to nest.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh.png",{"title":249,"description":250,"path":251,"coverImage":252,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Common Wood Pigeon","The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) is Europe's largest and most widespread pigeon, easily told from the smaller rock dove by its white neck patch and heavier, more powerful build.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir.png",{"title":254,"description":255,"path":256,"coverImage":257,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Blackcap","The Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) is a plain grey-brown warbler with a neat black or chestnut cap, prized for a rich, fluting song and famous for rapidly evolving a brand-new migration route within living memory.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka.png",{"title":259,"description":260,"path":261,"coverImage":262,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Blue Tit","The Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) is a small, acrobatic garden favorite with a vivid blue cap and yellow underparts, whose breeding timing is so tightly tuned to caterpillar abundance it has become a classic model for studying climate change.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka.png",{"title":264,"description":265,"path":266,"coverImage":267,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Bullfinch","The Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) is a stocky, shy finch whose male's vivid rose-pink underparts make it one of the most striking winter garden visitors across much of Europe and Russia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir.png",{"title":269,"description":270,"path":271,"coverImage":272,"publishedAt":273,"order":139},"Eurasian Coot","The Eurasian coot (Fulica atra) is a bold, aggressively territorial waterbird, recognized by its all-black plumage and bright white bill and frontal shield.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha.png","19.08.2026",{"title":275,"description":276,"path":277,"coverImage":278,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Eagle-Owl","The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is one of the largest owls in the world, a powerful nocturnal predator of cliffs and forests capable of taking prey as large as foxes and other raptors.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin.png",{"title":280,"description":281,"path":282,"coverImage":283,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Golden Oriole","The Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus) is one of the most brilliantly colored songbirds in Europe, yet its shy, canopy-dwelling habits mean it is far more often heard than seen.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga.png",{"title":285,"description":286,"path":287,"coverImage":288,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Hoopoe","The Eurasian hoopoe (Upupa epops) is one of the most unmistakable birds in its range, a pinkish-orange bird with bold black-and-white striped wings and a tall, erectile crest, its long curved beak built for probing soil.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod.png",{"title":290,"description":291,"path":292,"coverImage":293,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Jay","The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a shy, colorful woodland corvid famous for its vivid blue wing patch and its habit of burying thousands of acorns each autumn, helping oak forests spread.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka.png",{"title":295,"description":296,"path":297,"coverImage":298,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Magpie","The Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) is a strikingly patterned black-and-white corvid with a long wedge-shaped tail and iridescent wings, famous among birds for passing the mirror self-recognition test.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka.png",{"title":300,"description":301,"path":302,"coverImage":303,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Siskin","The Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus) is a small, acrobatic finch of coniferous forest, often seen hanging upside down from spruce and alder cones while feeding in restless, chattering flocks.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh.png",{"title":305,"description":306,"path":151,"coverImage":307,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Skylark","The Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) is a streaky brown farmland bird famous for singing continuously while climbing almost out of sight into the open sky, and for its dramatic decline across intensively farmed Western Europe.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok.png",{"title":309,"description":310,"path":311,"coverImage":312,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Eurasian Tree Sparrow","The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is a smaller, more rural relative of the house sparrow, told apart by its chestnut cap and neat black cheek spot, and both sexes look alike.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei.png",{"title":314,"description":315,"path":316,"coverImage":317,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"European Goldfinch","The European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) is one of Europe's most vividly colored songbirds, a thistle-seed specialist with a bold red face and golden-yellow wing flash.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol.png",{"title":319,"description":320,"path":321,"coverImage":322,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"European Greenfinch","The European greenfinch (Chloris chloris) is a stocky, olive-green finch with flashes of bright yellow in the wings and tail, known for its buzzy, wheezing song and heavy seed-cracking beak.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka.png",{"title":324,"description":325,"path":326,"coverImage":327,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"European Pied Flycatcher","The European pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) is a bold black-and-white migrant, a nest-box favorite among researchers, and one of the most closely studied songbirds for how climate change is disrupting migration timing.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka.png",{"title":329,"description":330,"path":331,"coverImage":332,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"European Robin","The European robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a small, fiercely territorial songbird instantly recognized by its orange-red face and breast, and one of the few European birds to sing through much of the winter.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka.png",{"title":334,"description":335,"path":336,"coverImage":337,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"European Turtle Dove","The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is a small, warm-toned migrant dove known for its soft purring song and a population decline so steep it is now classified as globally Vulnerable.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa.png",{"title":339,"description":340,"path":341,"coverImage":342,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Fieldfare","The fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) is a large, gregarious thrush known for forming big winter flocks in berry-laden trees and for its unusual, colonial breeding habit backed by coordinated group defense.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik.png",{"title":344,"description":345,"path":346,"coverImage":347,"publishedAt":348,"order":139},"Great Crested Grebe","The great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is the largest Eurasian grebe, famous for its elaborate mutual courtship dance and its ornate double crest and chestnut-and-black head ruff.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka.png","12.08.2026",{"title":350,"description":351,"path":352,"coverImage":353,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Great Spotted Woodpecker","The great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is the most widespread woodpecker in Europe, a bold black-and-white bird known for its rapid drumming and a bright red patch beneath the tail.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel.png",{"title":355,"description":356,"path":357,"coverImage":358,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Great Tit","The great tit (Parus major) is the largest and most familiar European tit, a bold, adaptable garden bird known for its bright yellow underparts, black head, and endlessly varied calls.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa.png",{"title":360,"description":361,"path":362,"coverImage":363,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Grey Heron","The grey heron (Ardea cinerea) is a tall, statuesque wetland hunter known for standing motionless in shallow water before striking at fish with lightning speed.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya.png",{"title":365,"description":366,"path":367,"coverImage":368,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Greylag Goose","The greylag goose (Anser anser) is the wild ancestor of most domestic geese, a large grey-brown grazing bird best known for its loud honking calls and the strong lifelong pair bonds it forms.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus.png",{"title":370,"description":371,"path":372,"coverImage":373,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Hooded Crow","The hooded crow (Corvus cornix) is a highly intelligent, ash-grey and black corvid that replaces the all-black carrion crow across Eastern Europe, Russia, and Scandinavia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona.png",{"title":375,"description":376,"path":377,"coverImage":378,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"House Sparrow","The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is one of the most widespread birds on Earth, a familiar, sociable companion of human settlements, though its numbers have fallen sharply in many Western cities.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei.png",{"title":380,"description":381,"path":382,"coverImage":383,"publishedAt":384,"order":139},"Little Grebe","The little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) is the smallest European grebe, a dumpy, tailless-looking diver more often heard than seen, its loud whinnying trill echoing from dense waterside vegetation.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka.png","10.08.2026",{"title":386,"description":387,"path":388,"coverImage":389,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Long-eared Owl","The long-eared owl (Asio otus) is a slender, secretive owl of dense conifers, instantly recognizable by its long feathered ear tufts and fiery orange eyes, and famous for forming communal winter roosts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova.png",{"title":391,"description":392,"path":393,"coverImage":394,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Mallard","The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most familiar duck across the Northern Hemisphere, instantly recognized by the drake's glossy bottle-green head and found on almost any body of water year-round.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva.png",{"title":396,"description":397,"path":398,"coverImage":399,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Mute Swan","The mute swan (Cygnus olor) is one of the world's largest flying birds, instantly recognized by its pure white plumage, gracefully curved neck, and orange bill with a black basal knob.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun.png",{"title":401,"description":402,"path":403,"coverImage":404,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Northern Goshawk","The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a powerful, secretive forest hawk built for explosive short bursts of speed through dense woodland in pursuit of birds and mammals.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik.png",{"title":406,"description":407,"path":408,"coverImage":409,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Northern Lapwing","The northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) is a striking farmland wader known for its wispy head crest, iridescent green-black upperparts, and spectacular tumbling display flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis.png",{"title":411,"description":412,"path":413,"coverImage":414,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Red Crossbill","The red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is a specialist finch of coniferous forest with a uniquely crossed beak built for prying seeds from spruce and pine cones, and a breeding season that can start in the dead of winter.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik.png",{"title":416,"description":417,"path":418,"coverImage":419,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Rock Dove","The rock dove (Columba livia) is the wild ancestor of every domestic and feral pigeon, a cliff-nesting species whose descendants now thrive as one of the most familiar birds of cities worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub.png",{"title":421,"description":422,"path":423,"coverImage":424,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Rook","The rook (Corvus frugilegus) is a highly social, glossy-black corvid of farmland, known for its bare greyish face patch and its habit of nesting in large, noisy tree-top colonies called rookeries.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach.png",{"title":426,"description":427,"path":428,"coverImage":429,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Song Thrush","The song thrush (Turdus philomelos) is a richly spotted woodland thrush famous for its melodious, endlessly repeated song and its habit of smashing snail shells open on a favorite stone 'anvil.'","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd.png",{"title":431,"description":432,"path":433,"coverImage":434,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Tawny Owl","The tawny owl (Strix aluco) is the most familiar owl across much of Europe and western Russia, a stocky, big-headed woodland hunter best known for its haunting hooting call after dark.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt.png",{"title":436,"description":437,"path":438,"coverImage":439,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Thrush Nightingale","The thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) is a plain, skulking songbird of dense riverside thickets, famous far beyond its unassuming looks for one of the richest, loudest night songs of any European bird.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey.png",{"title":441,"description":442,"path":443,"coverImage":444,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Western Jackdaw","The western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) is the smallest common European corvid, a sociable, cavity-nesting bird easily recognized by its pale silvery-grey eye and steel-grey nape.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka.png",{"title":446,"description":447,"path":448,"coverImage":449,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"White Stork","The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a massive, long-legged wetland and farmland bird famous for its huge stick nests on rooftops and chimneys, and for a bill-clattering display that replaces true vocal calls.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist.png",{"title":451,"description":452,"path":147,"coverImage":453,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"White Wagtail","The white wagtail (Motacilla alba) is a slim, black-and-white bird known for its constantly bobbing tail, brisk running gait, and spectacular communal winter roosts that sometimes form in the middle of busy towns.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka.png",{"title":455,"description":456,"path":457,"coverImage":458,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"White-tailed Eagle","The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is Europe's largest eagle, a massive fish- and waterbird-hunting raptor of coasts, lakes, and river valleys, once nearly lost to persecution and pesticides.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost.png",{"title":5,"description":118,"path":141,"coverImage":117,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},[],[462,463,464],{"label":146,"path":147,"description":148,"coverImage":453},{"label":150,"path":151,"description":152,"coverImage":307},{"label":154,"path":155,"description":156,"coverImage":465},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Findex.png",[467,472,478,483,488],{"title":468,"description":469,"path":470,"coverImage":471,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Birds of Prey","Birds of prey hunt live vertebrate prey with keen eyesight, sharp talons, and a hooked bill — from the hovering common kestrel to the massive, fish-hunting white-tailed eagle.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy.png",{"title":473,"description":474,"path":475,"coverImage":476,"publishedAt":477,"order":139},"How to Identify a Bird Species","Most bird identification starts with an observation, not a name — plumage color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season narrow the field faster than flipping through a list of species.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy.png","14.07.2026",{"title":479,"description":480,"path":481,"coverImage":482,"publishedAt":477,"order":139},"Rare and Threatened Birds","Some birds in this atlas carry a conservation status above Least Concern — from the northern lapwing (NT) to the European turtle dove (VU). This is a reminder that even familiar species can face serious pressure.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy.png",{"title":484,"description":485,"path":486,"coverImage":487,"publishedAt":142,"order":139},"Songbirds","Songbirds are the largest and most vocally elaborate group of birds in the atlas — from the chaffinch's cascading spring song to the nightingale's celebrated night-time performance.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy.png",{"title":489,"description":490,"path":491,"coverImage":492,"publishedAt":477,"order":139},"Waterfowl and Wetland Birds","Waterfowl and other wetland birds span dabbling ducks, grazing geese, elegant swans, and patient wading hunters — from the everyday mallard to the towering mute swan and the motionless grey heron.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy.png",1787114557419]