[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":489},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka":161,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy":162,"section-listing:disabled":456,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka|\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey|\u002Fopredelitel":457,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic":462},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":112,"coverImage":113,"description":114,"diet":115,"extension":119,"family":120,"familySlug":121,"faq":122,"imagePrompt":132,"latinName":26,"meta":133,"navigation":134,"order":135,"pageType":136,"path":137,"publishedAt":138,"readingMinutes":139,"relatedLinks":140,"relatedSpecies":135,"season":153,"seo":154,"sitemap":157,"stem":158,"tags":135,"updatedAt":135,"wingspanCm":159,"__hash__":160},"species_en\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka.md","European Pied Flycatcher",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":103},"minimark",[9,14,32,35,39,50,53,57,64,67,71,86,90],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"appearance","Appearance",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27,28,31],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"European pied flycatcher"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Ficedula hypoleuca",") is a small, compact songbird with a wingspan of ",[19,29,30],{},"21.5 to 24.5 cm"," and a body length of about 12 to 13.5 cm, weighing between roughly 12 and 15 grams. The breeding male is boldly and crisply patterned: black upperparts, a bright white patch on the forehead, a conspicuous white patch on the folded wing, and pure white underparts, giving a striking, high-contrast appearance that stands out clearly against green spring foliage.",[15,33,34],{},"Females and non-breeding males look considerably plainer, with the black replaced by a more muted grey-brown, though both retain the same basic white wing patch and pale underparts pattern in reduced form. The beak is broad and slightly flattened at the base, an adaptation shared across the flycatcher family for efficiently snapping up flying insects caught in mid-air.",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"range-and-habitat","Range and habitat",[15,40,41,42,45,46,49],{},"The European pied flycatcher breeds across much of Europe and extends into western Russia, generally favoring mature deciduous woodland, particularly oak-dominated forest, though it also occurs in parks and large gardens with suitable old trees. It is a long-distance ",[19,43,44],{},"migrant",", present on the breeding grounds from roughly ",[19,47,48],{},"April to September"," and wintering in West Africa, one of the longer migratory journeys undertaken by any small European songbird covered in this atlas.",[15,51,52],{},"As a cavity-nesting species dependent on tree holes, its local breeding distribution is closely tied to the availability of mature trees with existing cavities, often originally created by woodpeckers, or to artificial nest boxes, which the species accepts with particular readiness.",[10,54,56],{"id":55},"behavior-and-lifestyle","Behavior and lifestyle",[15,58,59,60,63],{},"True to its name, the pied flycatcher hunts primarily by ",[19,61,62],{},"sallying"," — making short, quick aerial dashes from an exposed perch to snatch a flying insect directly out of the air before returning to the same or a nearby perch — though it also readily gleans caterpillars and other invertebrates directly from foliage, particularly important when feeding a demanding brood of nestlings.",[15,65,66],{},"The species' breeding timing is unusually tightly linked to the short seasonal window of caterpillar abundance on oak trees in spring, a precision that has made it one of the most closely studied songbirds for understanding how climate change can create a \"mismatch\" between a migratory bird's arrival timing and the availability of its critical food source, since a long migration from Africa leaves relatively little flexibility to adjust arrival dates in response to earlier springs.",[10,68,70],{"id":69},"breeding","Breeding",[15,72,73,74,77,78,81,82,85],{},"Pied flycatchers nest in tree cavities or, very readily, in artificial nest boxes, a trait that has made the species one of the most extensively studied wild birds in Europe through decades of long-term nest box monitoring programs. The typical clutch is ",[19,75,76],{},"4 to 7 eggs",", incubated solely by the female for ",[19,79,80],{},"13 to 15 days",". Chicks fledge at around ",[19,83,84],{},"16 to 17 days"," old, and pairs typically raise a single brood per season given the relatively short breeding window available after such a long migration.",[10,87,89],{"id":88},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[91,92,93,97,100],"ul",{},[94,95,96],"li",{},"Male pied flycatchers are known for a mating strategy in which some individuals establish a second, secondary territory some distance from their primary nest, attracting a second female while concealing the existence of the first — a documented form of deceptive polygyny that has made the species a notable case study in avian mating behavior research.",[94,98,99],{},"Long-term nest box studies of pied flycatchers across parts of the Netherlands and other European countries have provided some of the most widely cited evidence for climate-driven mismatch between migratory bird timing and seasonal food peaks.",[94,101,102],{},"Despite breeding across much of temperate Europe, nearly the entire global population funnels through a relatively narrow set of migration routes to reach West African wintering grounds, making the species particularly sensitive to habitat conditions along that shared migratory corridor.",{"title":104,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":106},"",2,[107,108,109,110,111],{"id":12,"depth":105,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":105,"text":38},{"id":55,"depth":105,"text":56},{"id":69,"depth":105,"text":70},{"id":88,"depth":105,"text":89},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka.png","The European pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) is a bold black-and-white migrant, a nest-box favorite among researchers, and one of the most closely studied songbirds for how climate change is disrupting migration timing.",[116,117,118],"Flying insects, caught in short aerial sallies from a perch","Caterpillars gleaned from foliage, especially for nestlings","Spiders and other invertebrates","md","Muscicapidae (Old World Flycatchers and Chats)","muholovkovye",[123,126,129],{"q":124,"a":125},"Why is the pied flycatcher such an important species in climate change research?","Because pied flycatchers migrate an exceptionally long distance from West African wintering grounds and time their breeding to coincide with the short seasonal peak of caterpillar abundance on European oak trees, they are especially vulnerable to a mismatch if spring warms faster than their migratory schedule can adjust. Long-term studies tracking this mismatch have made the species one of the clearest documented examples of climate change disrupting the timing between migratory birds and their food supply.",{"q":127,"a":128},"What does 'pied' mean in the bird's name?","'Pied' refers to a bold two-color, typically black-and-white, patterning, and it describes the breeding male pied flycatcher precisely: crisp black upperparts, a bright white forehead patch, a white wing patch, and pure white underparts, giving a striking, high-contrast appearance quite different from the duller brownish plumage of females and non-breeding males.",{"q":130,"a":131},"Why do pied flycatchers use nest boxes so readily?","As a cavity-nesting species that naturally relies on tree holes, often those originally excavated by woodpeckers, pied flycatchers accept artificial nest boxes with particular ease, a trait that has made the species one of the most intensively studied wild birds in Europe through decades of nest box monitoring programs tracking breeding success, timing, and population trends.","Photorealistic wildlife photography, Ficedula hypoleuca European pied flycatcher male perched upright on a bare oak twig at the entrance to a nest box, crisp black upperparts contrasting sharply with pure white underparts, bold white patch on the forehead, white wing patch visible on the folded wing, sharp focus on the eye, soft-focus background of fresh spring oak foliage with dappled sunlight, bright clear morning light from camera-left, shallow depth of field, telephoto lens compression, 16:9",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka","13.07.2026",1,[141,145,149],{"label":142,"path":143,"description":144},"European robin","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka","Another common songbird in the same family",{"label":146,"path":147,"description":148},"Thrush nightingale","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey","A skulking relative known for its night song rather than plumage",{"label":150,"path":151,"description":152},"Bird identifier","\u002Fopredelitel","Identify a bird you've seen by color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season","April – September, wintering in West Africa",{"title":155,"description":156},"European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) — identification","European pied flycatcher: a bold black-and-white migrant known for nest-box breeding and climate research. Identification, diet, range, and breeding timing.",{"loc":137},"vidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka","21.5–24.5","e133f9n0i2-3cB-zVYzrXntYCo7hFgjhhtzdyhmd26E",{"ru":134,"es":134},[163,168,173,178,183,189,194,199,204,209,214,219,224,229,234,239,244,249,254,259,264,270,275,280,285,290,295,300,305,310,315,320,321,325,330,335,341,346,351,356,361,366,371,377,382,387,392,397,402,407,412,417,422,427,431,436,441,446,451],{"title":164,"description":165,"path":166,"coverImage":167,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Barn Swallow","The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is a sleek, deeply forked-tailed aerial hunter and one of the world's most celebrated long-distance migrants, nesting in barns and outbuildings across nearly the entire Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":169,"description":170,"path":171,"coverImage":172,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Black Kite","The black kite (Milvus migrans) is one of the most abundant birds of prey on Earth, an adaptable scavenger easily recognized by its shallow forked tail and buoyant, twisting flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun.png",{"title":174,"description":175,"path":176,"coverImage":177,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Black Woodpecker","The black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) is Europe's largest woodpecker, an entirely black, crow-sized bird whose huge excavated cavities provide essential shelter for owls, martens, and many other forest animals.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna.png",{"title":179,"description":180,"path":181,"coverImage":182,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Black-headed Gull","The black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) is Europe's most familiar small gull, easily identified by its chocolate-brown breeding hood and readily seen far from the coast on inland lakes and city parks.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika.png",{"title":184,"description":185,"path":186,"coverImage":187,"publishedAt":188,"order":135},"Black-necked Grebe","The black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) is a small colonial-nesting grebe known for its striking golden ear-tufts, red eyes, and preference for breeding on shallow, gull-fringed lakes.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka.png","14.08.2026",{"title":190,"description":191,"path":192,"coverImage":193,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Coal Tit","The coal tit (Periparus ater) is the smallest European tit, a conifer-forest specialist with a distinctive white nape patch and an intense drive to cache seeds against future shortages.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka.png",{"title":195,"description":196,"path":197,"coverImage":198,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Blackbird","The common blackbird (Turdus merula) is one of Europe's most familiar garden birds, the glossy black male with his bright orange bill instantly recognizable, and his fluting dawn song among the most beautiful in Europe.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd.png",{"title":200,"description":201,"path":202,"coverImage":203,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Buzzard","The common buzzard (Buteo buteo) is the most widespread bird of prey in Europe, a broad-winged soarer often seen circling over fields or perched on roadside posts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny.png",{"title":205,"description":206,"path":207,"coverImage":208,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Chaffinch","The common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) is one of the most abundant and widespread songbirds in Europe, the brightly colored male known for his cheerful, cascading spring song.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik.png",{"title":210,"description":211,"path":212,"coverImage":213,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Cuckoo","The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a grey, hawk-like migrant famous for its instantly recognizable call and its remarkable brood-parasitic lifestyle, laying its eggs exclusively in the nests of other birds.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka.png",{"title":215,"description":216,"path":217,"coverImage":218,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Gull","The common gull (Larus canus) is a medium-sized, clean-headed gull with a plain yellow-green bill, a familiar sight on rivers, lakes, and coasts mainly during spring and autumn passage.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika.png",{"title":220,"description":221,"path":222,"coverImage":223,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common House Martin","The common house martin (Delichon urbicum) is a glossy blue-black aerial insect-hunter easily told from the barn swallow by its clean white rump, and famous for building enclosed mud nests under building eaves.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":225,"description":226,"path":227,"coverImage":228,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Kestrel","The common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is Europe's most familiar falcon, easily recognized by its habit of hovering motionless in the air while hunting voles over open ground.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga.png",{"title":230,"description":231,"path":232,"coverImage":233,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Raven","The common raven (Corvus corax) is the largest member of the crow family and the largest of all songbirds, an immensely intelligent, all-black aerial acrobat found across the Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron.png",{"title":235,"description":236,"path":237,"coverImage":238,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Starling","The common starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is a glossy, iridescent songbird famous for its extraordinary vocal mimicry and for forming vast, swirling winter flocks known as murmurations.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets.png",{"title":240,"description":241,"path":242,"coverImage":243,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Swift","The common swift (Apus apus) is a scythe-winged aerial specialist that spends almost its entire life airborne, feeding, sleeping, and even mating on the wing, only landing to nest.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh.png",{"title":245,"description":246,"path":247,"coverImage":248,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Common Wood Pigeon","The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) is Europe's largest and most widespread pigeon, easily told from the smaller rock dove by its white neck patch and heavier, more powerful build.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir.png",{"title":250,"description":251,"path":252,"coverImage":253,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Blackcap","The Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) is a plain grey-brown warbler with a neat black or chestnut cap, prized for a rich, fluting song and famous for rapidly evolving a brand-new migration route within living memory.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka.png",{"title":255,"description":256,"path":257,"coverImage":258,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Blue Tit","The Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) is a small, acrobatic garden favorite with a vivid blue cap and yellow underparts, whose breeding timing is so tightly tuned to caterpillar abundance it has become a classic model for studying climate change.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka.png",{"title":260,"description":261,"path":262,"coverImage":263,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Bullfinch","The Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) is a stocky, shy finch whose male's vivid rose-pink underparts make it one of the most striking winter garden visitors across much of Europe and Russia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir.png",{"title":265,"description":266,"path":267,"coverImage":268,"publishedAt":269,"order":135},"Eurasian Coot","The Eurasian coot (Fulica atra) is a bold, aggressively territorial waterbird, recognized by its all-black plumage and bright white bill and frontal shield.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha.png","19.08.2026",{"title":271,"description":272,"path":273,"coverImage":274,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Eagle-Owl","The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is one of the largest owls in the world, a powerful nocturnal predator of cliffs and forests capable of taking prey as large as foxes and other raptors.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin.png",{"title":276,"description":277,"path":278,"coverImage":279,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Golden Oriole","The Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus) is one of the most brilliantly colored songbirds in Europe, yet its shy, canopy-dwelling habits mean it is far more often heard than seen.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga.png",{"title":281,"description":282,"path":283,"coverImage":284,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Hoopoe","The Eurasian hoopoe (Upupa epops) is one of the most unmistakable birds in its range, a pinkish-orange bird with bold black-and-white striped wings and a tall, erectile crest, its long curved beak built for probing soil.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod.png",{"title":286,"description":287,"path":288,"coverImage":289,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Jay","The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a shy, colorful woodland corvid famous for its vivid blue wing patch and its habit of burying thousands of acorns each autumn, helping oak forests spread.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka.png",{"title":291,"description":292,"path":293,"coverImage":294,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Magpie","The Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) is a strikingly patterned black-and-white corvid with a long wedge-shaped tail and iridescent wings, famous among birds for passing the mirror self-recognition test.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka.png",{"title":296,"description":297,"path":298,"coverImage":299,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Siskin","The Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus) is a small, acrobatic finch of coniferous forest, often seen hanging upside down from spruce and alder cones while feeding in restless, chattering flocks.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh.png",{"title":301,"description":302,"path":303,"coverImage":304,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Skylark","The Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) is a streaky brown farmland bird famous for singing continuously while climbing almost out of sight into the open sky, and for its dramatic decline across intensively farmed Western Europe.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok.png",{"title":306,"description":307,"path":308,"coverImage":309,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Eurasian Tree Sparrow","The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is a smaller, more rural relative of the house sparrow, told apart by its chestnut cap and neat black cheek spot, and both sexes look alike.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei.png",{"title":311,"description":312,"path":313,"coverImage":314,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"European Goldfinch","The European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) is one of Europe's most vividly colored songbirds, a thistle-seed specialist with a bold red face and golden-yellow wing flash.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol.png",{"title":316,"description":317,"path":318,"coverImage":319,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"European Greenfinch","The European greenfinch (Chloris chloris) is a stocky, olive-green finch with flashes of bright yellow in the wings and tail, known for its buzzy, wheezing song and heavy seed-cracking beak.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka.png",{"title":5,"description":114,"path":137,"coverImage":113,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},{"title":322,"description":323,"path":143,"coverImage":324,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"European Robin","The European robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a small, fiercely territorial songbird instantly recognized by its orange-red face and breast, and one of the few European birds to sing through much of the winter.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka.png",{"title":326,"description":327,"path":328,"coverImage":329,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"European Turtle Dove","The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is a small, warm-toned migrant dove known for its soft purring song and a population decline so steep it is now classified as globally Vulnerable.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa.png",{"title":331,"description":332,"path":333,"coverImage":334,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Fieldfare","The fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) is a large, gregarious thrush known for forming big winter flocks in berry-laden trees and for its unusual, colonial breeding habit backed by coordinated group defense.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik.png",{"title":336,"description":337,"path":338,"coverImage":339,"publishedAt":340,"order":135},"Great Crested Grebe","The great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is the largest Eurasian grebe, famous for its elaborate mutual courtship dance and its ornate double crest and chestnut-and-black head ruff.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka.png","12.08.2026",{"title":342,"description":343,"path":344,"coverImage":345,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Great Spotted Woodpecker","The great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is the most widespread woodpecker in Europe, a bold black-and-white bird known for its rapid drumming and a bright red patch beneath the tail.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel.png",{"title":347,"description":348,"path":349,"coverImage":350,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Great Tit","The great tit (Parus major) is the largest and most familiar European tit, a bold, adaptable garden bird known for its bright yellow underparts, black head, and endlessly varied calls.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa.png",{"title":352,"description":353,"path":354,"coverImage":355,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Grey Heron","The grey heron (Ardea cinerea) is a tall, statuesque wetland hunter known for standing motionless in shallow water before striking at fish with lightning speed.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya.png",{"title":357,"description":358,"path":359,"coverImage":360,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Greylag Goose","The greylag goose (Anser anser) is the wild ancestor of most domestic geese, a large grey-brown grazing bird best known for its loud honking calls and the strong lifelong pair bonds it forms.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus.png",{"title":362,"description":363,"path":364,"coverImage":365,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Hooded Crow","The hooded crow (Corvus cornix) is a highly intelligent, ash-grey and black corvid that replaces the all-black carrion crow across Eastern Europe, Russia, and Scandinavia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona.png",{"title":367,"description":368,"path":369,"coverImage":370,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"House Sparrow","The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is one of the most widespread birds on Earth, a familiar, sociable companion of human settlements, though its numbers have fallen sharply in many Western cities.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei.png",{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":376,"order":135},"Little Grebe","The little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) is the smallest European grebe, a dumpy, tailless-looking diver more often heard than seen, its loud whinnying trill echoing from dense waterside vegetation.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka.png","10.08.2026",{"title":378,"description":379,"path":380,"coverImage":381,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Long-eared Owl","The long-eared owl (Asio otus) is a slender, secretive owl of dense conifers, instantly recognizable by its long feathered ear tufts and fiery orange eyes, and famous for forming communal winter roosts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova.png",{"title":383,"description":384,"path":385,"coverImage":386,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Mallard","The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most familiar duck across the Northern Hemisphere, instantly recognized by the drake's glossy bottle-green head and found on almost any body of water year-round.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva.png",{"title":388,"description":389,"path":390,"coverImage":391,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Mute Swan","The mute swan (Cygnus olor) is one of the world's largest flying birds, instantly recognized by its pure white plumage, gracefully curved neck, and orange bill with a black basal knob.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun.png",{"title":393,"description":394,"path":395,"coverImage":396,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Northern Goshawk","The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a powerful, secretive forest hawk built for explosive short bursts of speed through dense woodland in pursuit of birds and mammals.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik.png",{"title":398,"description":399,"path":400,"coverImage":401,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Northern Lapwing","The northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) is a striking farmland wader known for its wispy head crest, iridescent green-black upperparts, and spectacular tumbling display flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis.png",{"title":403,"description":404,"path":405,"coverImage":406,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Red Crossbill","The red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is a specialist finch of coniferous forest with a uniquely crossed beak built for prying seeds from spruce and pine cones, and a breeding season that can start in the dead of winter.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik.png",{"title":408,"description":409,"path":410,"coverImage":411,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Rock Dove","The rock dove (Columba livia) is the wild ancestor of every domestic and feral pigeon, a cliff-nesting species whose descendants now thrive as one of the most familiar birds of cities worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub.png",{"title":413,"description":414,"path":415,"coverImage":416,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Rook","The rook (Corvus frugilegus) is a highly social, glossy-black corvid of farmland, known for its bare greyish face patch and its habit of nesting in large, noisy tree-top colonies called rookeries.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach.png",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Song Thrush","The song thrush (Turdus philomelos) is a richly spotted woodland thrush famous for its melodious, endlessly repeated song and its habit of smashing snail shells open on a favorite stone 'anvil.'","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd.png",{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Tawny Owl","The tawny owl (Strix aluco) is the most familiar owl across much of Europe and western Russia, a stocky, big-headed woodland hunter best known for its haunting hooting call after dark.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt.png",{"title":428,"description":429,"path":147,"coverImage":430,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Thrush Nightingale","The thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) is a plain, skulking songbird of dense riverside thickets, famous far beyond its unassuming looks for one of the richest, loudest night songs of any European bird.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey.png",{"title":432,"description":433,"path":434,"coverImage":435,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Western Jackdaw","The western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) is the smallest common European corvid, a sociable, cavity-nesting bird easily recognized by its pale silvery-grey eye and steel-grey nape.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka.png",{"title":437,"description":438,"path":439,"coverImage":440,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"White Stork","The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a massive, long-legged wetland and farmland bird famous for its huge stick nests on rooftops and chimneys, and for a bill-clattering display that replaces true vocal calls.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist.png",{"title":442,"description":443,"path":444,"coverImage":445,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"White Wagtail","The white wagtail (Motacilla alba) is a slim, black-and-white bird known for its constantly bobbing tail, brisk running gait, and spectacular communal winter roosts that sometimes form in the middle of busy towns.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka.png",{"title":447,"description":448,"path":449,"coverImage":450,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"White-tailed Eagle","The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is Europe's largest eagle, a massive fish- and waterbird-hunting raptor of coasts, lakes, and river valleys, once nearly lost to persecution and pesticides.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost.png",{"title":452,"description":453,"path":454,"coverImage":455,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Yellowhammer","The yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) is a vividly yellow-headed farmland bunting known for its distinctive, rhythmic song, often rendered in English as 'a little bit of bread and no cheese.'","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka.png",[],[458,459,460],{"label":142,"path":143,"description":144,"coverImage":324},{"label":146,"path":147,"description":148,"coverImage":430},{"label":150,"path":151,"description":152,"coverImage":461},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Findex.png",[463,468,474,479,484],{"title":464,"description":465,"path":466,"coverImage":467,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Birds of Prey","Birds of prey hunt live vertebrate prey with keen eyesight, sharp talons, and a hooked bill — from the hovering common kestrel to the massive, fish-hunting white-tailed eagle.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy.png",{"title":469,"description":470,"path":471,"coverImage":472,"publishedAt":473,"order":135},"How to Identify a Bird Species","Most bird identification starts with an observation, not a name — plumage color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season narrow the field faster than flipping through a list of species.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy.png","14.07.2026",{"title":475,"description":476,"path":477,"coverImage":478,"publishedAt":473,"order":135},"Rare and Threatened Birds","Some birds in this atlas carry a conservation status above Least Concern — from the northern lapwing (NT) to the European turtle dove (VU). This is a reminder that even familiar species can face serious pressure.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy.png",{"title":480,"description":481,"path":482,"coverImage":483,"publishedAt":138,"order":135},"Songbirds","Songbirds are the largest and most vocally elaborate group of birds in the atlas — from the chaffinch's cascading spring song to the nightingale's celebrated night-time performance.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy.png",{"title":485,"description":486,"path":487,"coverImage":488,"publishedAt":473,"order":135},"Waterfowl and Wetland Birds","Waterfowl and other wetland birds span dabbling ducks, grazing geese, elegant swans, and patient wading hunters — from the everyday mallard to the towering mute swan and the motionless grey heron.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy.png",1787114557384]