[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":490},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka":162,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy":163,"section-listing:disabled":457,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa|\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka|\u002Fopredelitel":458,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic":463},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":112,"coverImage":113,"description":114,"diet":115,"extension":120,"family":121,"familySlug":122,"faq":123,"imagePrompt":133,"latinName":26,"meta":134,"navigation":135,"order":136,"pageType":137,"path":138,"publishedAt":139,"readingMinutes":140,"relatedLinks":141,"relatedSpecies":136,"season":154,"seo":155,"sitemap":158,"stem":159,"tags":136,"updatedAt":136,"wingspanCm":160,"__hash__":161},"species_en\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka.md","Coal Tit",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":103},"minimark",[9,14,32,35,39,46,53,57,64,67,71,86,90],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"appearance","Appearance",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27,28,31],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"coal tit"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Periparus ater",") is the smallest tit found in most of Europe, with a wingspan of ",[19,29,30],{},"17 to 21 cm"," and a body length of about 10.5 to 11.5 cm, weighing only around 8 to 10 grams. Its head pattern shares the general black-and-white scheme of its larger relatives — a glossy black crown and bib with white cheek patches — but is uniquely marked by a distinct white patch on the nape, the back of the head, a feature absent in both the great tit and blue tit and one of the fastest ways to confirm identification.",[15,33,34],{},"The body is a fairly plain grey-buff above and paler buff below, lacking the bold blue or yellow tones of its close relatives, and the beak is notably fine and slightly elongated compared to other tits, an adaptation suited to extracting small seeds from tight conifer cones and probing among dense needle clusters.",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"range-and-habitat","Range and habitat",[15,40,41,42,45],{},"The coal tit is widespread across almost all of Europe and extends through the boreal forest belt of Russia into Siberia, occurring further into the coniferous taiga than either the great tit or blue tit. It is generally ",[19,43,44],{},"resident",", though poor cone crop years in the northern part of the range can trigger irregular, food-driven movements southward, similar to the irruptive behavior seen in some conifer-specialist finches.",[15,47,48,49,52],{},"It shows a stronger preference for ",[19,50,51],{},"coniferous and mixed forest"," than its close relatives, favoring spruce, pine, and fir stands, though it also occurs in gardens and parks with conifer trees, particularly where feeders provide a reliable supplementary food source through the winter months.",[10,54,56],{"id":55},"behavior-and-lifestyle","Behavior and lifestyle",[15,58,59,60,63],{},"The coal tit's diet includes small insects and spiders, especially important during the breeding season, alongside the ",[19,61,62],{},"seeds of spruce, pine, and other conifers",", which make up an increasingly large share of its food through autumn and winter. The species is a particularly intense food-cacher, hiding individual seeds in bark crevices, moss, and soil across its territory during periods of abundance and relying on strong spatial memory to relocate a significant proportion of these caches later, an adaptation that helps buffer against unpredictable cold spells and food shortages.",[15,65,66],{},"Despite its small size, the coal tit is a bold and agile forager, often visiting garden feeders alongside larger tits, though it typically takes a single seed and quickly retreats to a nearby perch to eat or cache it rather than lingering at the feeder itself — a behavioral difference from the more sedentary feeding style of the great tit.",[10,68,70],{"id":69},"breeding","Breeding",[15,72,73,74,77,78,81,82,85],{},"Coal tits nest in low cavities, including holes in tree stumps, banks, or rodent burrows close to ground level, somewhat lower than the typical nesting height favored by great tits and blue tits, and will also use nest boxes where available. The typical clutch is ",[19,75,76],{},"7 to 11 eggs",", incubated solely by the female for ",[19,79,80],{},"14 to 16 days",". Chicks fledge at around ",[19,83,84],{},"16 to 19 days"," old and remain dependent on their parents for continued feeding for a short period after leaving the nest.",[10,87,89],{"id":88},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[91,92,93,97,100],"ul",{},[94,95,96],"li",{},"Coal tits have been shown in controlled studies to remember the locations of a substantial share of their own food caches for weeks at a time, relying on spatial memory abilities that rank among the most sophisticated documented in small songbirds.",[94,98,99],{},"The species' strong association with coniferous forest means coal tit numbers and distribution can serve as a useful indicator of conifer forest health and extent within a given region.",[94,101,102],{},"Despite weighing less than 10 grams, coal tits are capable of surviving harsh winter conditions in northern coniferous forest by combining intensive food caching with the same kind of controlled overnight energy-saving strategies used by other small tits.",{"title":104,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":106},"",2,[107,108,109,110,111],{"id":12,"depth":105,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":105,"text":38},{"id":55,"depth":105,"text":56},{"id":69,"depth":105,"text":70},{"id":88,"depth":105,"text":89},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka.png","The coal tit (Periparus ater) is the smallest European tit, a conifer-forest specialist with a distinctive white nape patch and an intense drive to cache seeds against future shortages.",[116,117,118,119],"Small insects and spiders, especially in the breeding season","Seeds of spruce, pine, and other conifers","Cached seeds retrieved through autumn and winter","Garden feeder food, especially sunflower hearts","md","Paridae (Tits)","sinitsevye",[124,127,130],{"q":125,"a":126},"How can I tell a coal tit apart from a great tit or blue tit?","Size and the white nape patch are the fastest clues. The coal tit is noticeably the smallest of the three, and uniquely among common European tits, it shows a distinct white patch on the back of the head (the nape) in addition to white cheek patches — neither the great tit nor the blue tit has this nape marking, making it a reliable field mark even on a quick, partial view.",{"q":128,"a":129},"Why does the coal tit cache so much food?","As a conifer-forest specialist facing potentially long stretches of cold weather and unpredictable seed crops, the coal tit has an unusually strong drive to cache food, hiding individual seeds in bark crevices, moss, or soil across its territory during autumn, then relying heavily on spatial memory to relocate a meaningful share of these hidden stores through the leaner winter months.",{"q":131,"a":132},"Is the coal tit found mainly in coniferous forest?","Yes, more so than most other European tits. While great tits and blue tits favor deciduous and mixed woodland broadly, the coal tit shows a stronger preference for coniferous and mixed forest with a conifer component, and its short legs and fine beak are considered adaptations suited to foraging among dense conifer needles and small cones.","Photorealistic wildlife photography, Periparus ater coal tit clinging to a spruce twig with a single seed held in its beak, glossy black head with bold white cheek patches and a distinctive white patch on the nape, grey-buff back and pale underparts washed with buff, sharp focus on the eye, soft-focus background of a dense spruce forest interior in late autumn, cool soft overcast light, shallow depth of field, telephoto lens compression, 16:9",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka","13.07.2026",1,[142,146,150],{"label":143,"path":144,"description":145},"Great tit","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa","A larger, more dominant relative in the same family",{"label":147,"path":148,"description":149},"Eurasian blue tit","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka","A similarly small, acrobatic relative of broadleaf woodland",{"label":151,"path":152,"description":153},"Bird identifier","\u002Fopredelitel","Identify a bird you've seen by color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season","resident year-round; occasional irruptive movements in poor cone-crop years",{"title":156,"description":157},"Coal Tit (Periparus ater) — identification, range, food caching","Coal tit: the smallest European tit, a conifer specialist known for its white nape patch and intense seed-caching habits. Identification, diet, and behavior.",{"loc":138},"vidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka","17–21","bf0i5kFJ32ZYITaR808L8VSoN8qAQVua5YitqdpWvmI",{"ru":135,"es":135},[164,169,174,179,184,190,191,196,201,206,211,216,221,226,231,236,241,246,251,255,260,266,271,276,281,286,291,296,301,306,311,316,321,326,331,336,342,347,351,356,361,366,371,377,382,387,392,397,402,407,412,417,422,427,432,437,442,447,452],{"title":165,"description":166,"path":167,"coverImage":168,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Barn Swallow","The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is a sleek, deeply forked-tailed aerial hunter and one of the world's most celebrated long-distance migrants, nesting in barns and outbuildings across nearly the entire Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":170,"description":171,"path":172,"coverImage":173,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Black Kite","The black kite (Milvus migrans) is one of the most abundant birds of prey on Earth, an adaptable scavenger easily recognized by its shallow forked tail and buoyant, twisting flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun.png",{"title":175,"description":176,"path":177,"coverImage":178,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Black Woodpecker","The black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) is Europe's largest woodpecker, an entirely black, crow-sized bird whose huge excavated cavities provide essential shelter for owls, martens, and many other forest animals.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna.png",{"title":180,"description":181,"path":182,"coverImage":183,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Black-headed Gull","The black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) is Europe's most familiar small gull, easily identified by its chocolate-brown breeding hood and readily seen far from the coast on inland lakes and city parks.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika.png",{"title":185,"description":186,"path":187,"coverImage":188,"publishedAt":189,"order":136},"Black-necked Grebe","The black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) is a small colonial-nesting grebe known for its striking golden ear-tufts, red eyes, and preference for breeding on shallow, gull-fringed lakes.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka.png","14.08.2026",{"title":5,"description":114,"path":138,"coverImage":113,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},{"title":192,"description":193,"path":194,"coverImage":195,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Blackbird","The common blackbird (Turdus merula) is one of Europe's most familiar garden birds, the glossy black male with his bright orange bill instantly recognizable, and his fluting dawn song among the most beautiful in Europe.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd.png",{"title":197,"description":198,"path":199,"coverImage":200,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Buzzard","The common buzzard (Buteo buteo) is the most widespread bird of prey in Europe, a broad-winged soarer often seen circling over fields or perched on roadside posts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny.png",{"title":202,"description":203,"path":204,"coverImage":205,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Chaffinch","The common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) is one of the most abundant and widespread songbirds in Europe, the brightly colored male known for his cheerful, cascading spring song.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik.png",{"title":207,"description":208,"path":209,"coverImage":210,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Cuckoo","The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a grey, hawk-like migrant famous for its instantly recognizable call and its remarkable brood-parasitic lifestyle, laying its eggs exclusively in the nests of other birds.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka.png",{"title":212,"description":213,"path":214,"coverImage":215,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Gull","The common gull (Larus canus) is a medium-sized, clean-headed gull with a plain yellow-green bill, a familiar sight on rivers, lakes, and coasts mainly during spring and autumn passage.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika.png",{"title":217,"description":218,"path":219,"coverImage":220,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common House Martin","The common house martin (Delichon urbicum) is a glossy blue-black aerial insect-hunter easily told from the barn swallow by its clean white rump, and famous for building enclosed mud nests under building eaves.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":222,"description":223,"path":224,"coverImage":225,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Kestrel","The common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is Europe's most familiar falcon, easily recognized by its habit of hovering motionless in the air while hunting voles over open ground.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga.png",{"title":227,"description":228,"path":229,"coverImage":230,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Raven","The common raven (Corvus corax) is the largest member of the crow family and the largest of all songbirds, an immensely intelligent, all-black aerial acrobat found across the Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron.png",{"title":232,"description":233,"path":234,"coverImage":235,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Starling","The common starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is a glossy, iridescent songbird famous for its extraordinary vocal mimicry and for forming vast, swirling winter flocks known as murmurations.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets.png",{"title":237,"description":238,"path":239,"coverImage":240,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Swift","The common swift (Apus apus) is a scythe-winged aerial specialist that spends almost its entire life airborne, feeding, sleeping, and even mating on the wing, only landing to nest.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh.png",{"title":242,"description":243,"path":244,"coverImage":245,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Wood Pigeon","The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) is Europe's largest and most widespread pigeon, easily told from the smaller rock dove by its white neck patch and heavier, more powerful build.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir.png",{"title":247,"description":248,"path":249,"coverImage":250,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Blackcap","The Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) is a plain grey-brown warbler with a neat black or chestnut cap, prized for a rich, fluting song and famous for rapidly evolving a brand-new migration route within living memory.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka.png",{"title":252,"description":253,"path":148,"coverImage":254,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Blue Tit","The Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) is a small, acrobatic garden favorite with a vivid blue cap and yellow underparts, whose breeding timing is so tightly tuned to caterpillar abundance it has become a classic model for studying climate change.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka.png",{"title":256,"description":257,"path":258,"coverImage":259,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Bullfinch","The Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) is a stocky, shy finch whose male's vivid rose-pink underparts make it one of the most striking winter garden visitors across much of Europe and Russia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir.png",{"title":261,"description":262,"path":263,"coverImage":264,"publishedAt":265,"order":136},"Eurasian Coot","The Eurasian coot (Fulica atra) is a bold, aggressively territorial waterbird, recognized by its all-black plumage and bright white bill and frontal shield.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha.png","19.08.2026",{"title":267,"description":268,"path":269,"coverImage":270,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Eagle-Owl","The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is one of the largest owls in the world, a powerful nocturnal predator of cliffs and forests capable of taking prey as large as foxes and other raptors.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin.png",{"title":272,"description":273,"path":274,"coverImage":275,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Golden Oriole","The Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus) is one of the most brilliantly colored songbirds in Europe, yet its shy, canopy-dwelling habits mean it is far more often heard than seen.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga.png",{"title":277,"description":278,"path":279,"coverImage":280,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Hoopoe","The Eurasian hoopoe (Upupa epops) is one of the most unmistakable birds in its range, a pinkish-orange bird with bold black-and-white striped wings and a tall, erectile crest, its long curved beak built for probing soil.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod.png",{"title":282,"description":283,"path":284,"coverImage":285,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Jay","The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a shy, colorful woodland corvid famous for its vivid blue wing patch and its habit of burying thousands of acorns each autumn, helping oak forests spread.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka.png",{"title":287,"description":288,"path":289,"coverImage":290,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Magpie","The Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) is a strikingly patterned black-and-white corvid with a long wedge-shaped tail and iridescent wings, famous among birds for passing the mirror self-recognition test.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka.png",{"title":292,"description":293,"path":294,"coverImage":295,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Siskin","The Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus) is a small, acrobatic finch of coniferous forest, often seen hanging upside down from spruce and alder cones while feeding in restless, chattering flocks.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh.png",{"title":297,"description":298,"path":299,"coverImage":300,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Skylark","The Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) is a streaky brown farmland bird famous for singing continuously while climbing almost out of sight into the open sky, and for its dramatic decline across intensively farmed Western Europe.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok.png",{"title":302,"description":303,"path":304,"coverImage":305,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Eurasian Tree Sparrow","The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is a smaller, more rural relative of the house sparrow, told apart by its chestnut cap and neat black cheek spot, and both sexes look alike.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei.png",{"title":307,"description":308,"path":309,"coverImage":310,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"European Goldfinch","The European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) is one of Europe's most vividly colored songbirds, a thistle-seed specialist with a bold red face and golden-yellow wing flash.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol.png",{"title":312,"description":313,"path":314,"coverImage":315,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"European Greenfinch","The European greenfinch (Chloris chloris) is a stocky, olive-green finch with flashes of bright yellow in the wings and tail, known for its buzzy, wheezing song and heavy seed-cracking beak.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka.png",{"title":317,"description":318,"path":319,"coverImage":320,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"European Pied Flycatcher","The European pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) is a bold black-and-white migrant, a nest-box favorite among researchers, and one of the most closely studied songbirds for how climate change is disrupting migration timing.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka.png",{"title":322,"description":323,"path":324,"coverImage":325,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"European Robin","The European robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a small, fiercely territorial songbird instantly recognized by its orange-red face and breast, and one of the few European birds to sing through much of the winter.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka.png",{"title":327,"description":328,"path":329,"coverImage":330,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"European Turtle Dove","The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is a small, warm-toned migrant dove known for its soft purring song and a population decline so steep it is now classified as globally Vulnerable.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa.png",{"title":332,"description":333,"path":334,"coverImage":335,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Fieldfare","The fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) is a large, gregarious thrush known for forming big winter flocks in berry-laden trees and for its unusual, colonial breeding habit backed by coordinated group defense.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik.png",{"title":337,"description":338,"path":339,"coverImage":340,"publishedAt":341,"order":136},"Great Crested Grebe","The great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is the largest Eurasian grebe, famous for its elaborate mutual courtship dance and its ornate double crest and chestnut-and-black head ruff.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka.png","12.08.2026",{"title":343,"description":344,"path":345,"coverImage":346,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Great Spotted Woodpecker","The great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is the most widespread woodpecker in Europe, a bold black-and-white bird known for its rapid drumming and a bright red patch beneath the tail.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel.png",{"title":348,"description":349,"path":144,"coverImage":350,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Great Tit","The great tit (Parus major) is the largest and most familiar European tit, a bold, adaptable garden bird known for its bright yellow underparts, black head, and endlessly varied calls.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa.png",{"title":352,"description":353,"path":354,"coverImage":355,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Grey Heron","The grey heron (Ardea cinerea) is a tall, statuesque wetland hunter known for standing motionless in shallow water before striking at fish with lightning speed.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya.png",{"title":357,"description":358,"path":359,"coverImage":360,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Greylag Goose","The greylag goose (Anser anser) is the wild ancestor of most domestic geese, a large grey-brown grazing bird best known for its loud honking calls and the strong lifelong pair bonds it forms.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus.png",{"title":362,"description":363,"path":364,"coverImage":365,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Hooded Crow","The hooded crow (Corvus cornix) is a highly intelligent, ash-grey and black corvid that replaces the all-black carrion crow across Eastern Europe, Russia, and Scandinavia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona.png",{"title":367,"description":368,"path":369,"coverImage":370,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"House Sparrow","The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is one of the most widespread birds on Earth, a familiar, sociable companion of human settlements, though its numbers have fallen sharply in many Western cities.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei.png",{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":376,"order":136},"Little Grebe","The little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) is the smallest European grebe, a dumpy, tailless-looking diver more often heard than seen, its loud whinnying trill echoing from dense waterside vegetation.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka.png","10.08.2026",{"title":378,"description":379,"path":380,"coverImage":381,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Long-eared Owl","The long-eared owl (Asio otus) is a slender, secretive owl of dense conifers, instantly recognizable by its long feathered ear tufts and fiery orange eyes, and famous for forming communal winter roosts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova.png",{"title":383,"description":384,"path":385,"coverImage":386,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Mallard","The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most familiar duck across the Northern Hemisphere, instantly recognized by the drake's glossy bottle-green head and found on almost any body of water year-round.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva.png",{"title":388,"description":389,"path":390,"coverImage":391,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Mute Swan","The mute swan (Cygnus olor) is one of the world's largest flying birds, instantly recognized by its pure white plumage, gracefully curved neck, and orange bill with a black basal knob.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun.png",{"title":393,"description":394,"path":395,"coverImage":396,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Northern Goshawk","The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a powerful, secretive forest hawk built for explosive short bursts of speed through dense woodland in pursuit of birds and mammals.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik.png",{"title":398,"description":399,"path":400,"coverImage":401,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Northern Lapwing","The northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) is a striking farmland wader known for its wispy head crest, iridescent green-black upperparts, and spectacular tumbling display flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis.png",{"title":403,"description":404,"path":405,"coverImage":406,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Red Crossbill","The red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is a specialist finch of coniferous forest with a uniquely crossed beak built for prying seeds from spruce and pine cones, and a breeding season that can start in the dead of winter.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik.png",{"title":408,"description":409,"path":410,"coverImage":411,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Rock Dove","The rock dove (Columba livia) is the wild ancestor of every domestic and feral pigeon, a cliff-nesting species whose descendants now thrive as one of the most familiar birds of cities worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub.png",{"title":413,"description":414,"path":415,"coverImage":416,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Rook","The rook (Corvus frugilegus) is a highly social, glossy-black corvid of farmland, known for its bare greyish face patch and its habit of nesting in large, noisy tree-top colonies called rookeries.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach.png",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Song Thrush","The song thrush (Turdus philomelos) is a richly spotted woodland thrush famous for its melodious, endlessly repeated song and its habit of smashing snail shells open on a favorite stone 'anvil.'","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd.png",{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Tawny Owl","The tawny owl (Strix aluco) is the most familiar owl across much of Europe and western Russia, a stocky, big-headed woodland hunter best known for its haunting hooting call after dark.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt.png",{"title":428,"description":429,"path":430,"coverImage":431,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Thrush Nightingale","The thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) is a plain, skulking songbird of dense riverside thickets, famous far beyond its unassuming looks for one of the richest, loudest night songs of any European bird.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey.png",{"title":433,"description":434,"path":435,"coverImage":436,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Western Jackdaw","The western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) is the smallest common European corvid, a sociable, cavity-nesting bird easily recognized by its pale silvery-grey eye and steel-grey nape.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka.png",{"title":438,"description":439,"path":440,"coverImage":441,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"White Stork","The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a massive, long-legged wetland and farmland bird famous for its huge stick nests on rooftops and chimneys, and for a bill-clattering display that replaces true vocal calls.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist.png",{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"White Wagtail","The white wagtail (Motacilla alba) is a slim, black-and-white bird known for its constantly bobbing tail, brisk running gait, and spectacular communal winter roosts that sometimes form in the middle of busy towns.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka.png",{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"White-tailed Eagle","The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is Europe's largest eagle, a massive fish- and waterbird-hunting raptor of coasts, lakes, and river valleys, once nearly lost to persecution and pesticides.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost.png",{"title":453,"description":454,"path":455,"coverImage":456,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Yellowhammer","The yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) is a vividly yellow-headed farmland bunting known for its distinctive, rhythmic song, often rendered in English as 'a little bit of bread and no cheese.'","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka.png",[],[459,460,461],{"label":143,"path":144,"description":145,"coverImage":350},{"label":147,"path":148,"description":149,"coverImage":254},{"label":151,"path":152,"description":153,"coverImage":462},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Findex.png",[464,469,475,480,485],{"title":465,"description":466,"path":467,"coverImage":468,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Birds of Prey","Birds of prey hunt live vertebrate prey with keen eyesight, sharp talons, and a hooked bill — from the hovering common kestrel to the massive, fish-hunting white-tailed eagle.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy.png",{"title":470,"description":471,"path":472,"coverImage":473,"publishedAt":474,"order":136},"How to Identify a Bird Species","Most bird identification starts with an observation, not a name — plumage color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season narrow the field faster than flipping through a list of species.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy.png","14.07.2026",{"title":476,"description":477,"path":478,"coverImage":479,"publishedAt":474,"order":136},"Rare and Threatened Birds","Some birds in this atlas carry a conservation status above Least Concern — from the northern lapwing (NT) to the European turtle dove (VU). This is a reminder that even familiar species can face serious pressure.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy.png",{"title":481,"description":482,"path":483,"coverImage":484,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Songbirds","Songbirds are the largest and most vocally elaborate group of birds in the atlas — from the chaffinch's cascading spring song to the nightingale's celebrated night-time performance.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy.png",{"title":486,"description":487,"path":488,"coverImage":489,"publishedAt":474,"order":136},"Waterfowl and Wetland Birds","Waterfowl and other wetland birds span dabbling ducks, grazing geese, elegant swans, and patient wading hunters — from the everyday mallard to the towering mute swan and the motionless grey heron.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy.png",1787114557376]