[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":485},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik":157,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy":158,"section-listing:disabled":452,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh|\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka|\u002Fopredelitel":453,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-ptic":458},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":108,"coverImage":109,"description":110,"diet":111,"extension":115,"family":116,"familySlug":117,"faq":118,"imagePrompt":128,"latinName":26,"meta":129,"navigation":130,"order":131,"pageType":132,"path":133,"publishedAt":134,"readingMinutes":135,"relatedLinks":136,"relatedSpecies":131,"season":149,"seo":150,"sitemap":153,"stem":154,"tags":131,"updatedAt":131,"wingspanCm":155,"__hash__":156},"species_en\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik.md","Red Crossbill",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":99},"minimark",[9,14,32,35,39,46,49,53,60,63,67,82,86],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"appearance","Appearance",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27,28,31],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"red crossbill"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Loxia curvirostra",") is a stocky, large-headed finch with a wingspan of ",[19,29,30],{},"27 to 30.5 cm"," and a body length of about 16 to 17 cm, weighing between roughly 34 and 53 grams. Its defining feature, unique among European finches, is a beak whose upper and lower mandible tips cross past one another rather than meeting neatly — an unusual structure that looks almost like a deformity at first glance but is in fact a precise tool for prying open the tightly packed scales of conifer cones.",[15,33,34],{},"Adult males are brick-red to orange overall, with darker, unmarked blackish-brown wings and tail, while females are a more muted olive-green to greyish-yellow, with a similarly dark, plain-winged pattern. Young birds are duller and more heavily streaked before acquiring adult coloring, and the exact shade of red or orange in males can vary considerably between individuals depending on age and diet.",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"range-and-habitat","Range and habitat",[15,40,41,42,45],{},"The red crossbill has an extensive range across the coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere, spanning most of forested Europe, Russia, and North America wherever suitable spruce and pine forest occurs. It is generally ",[19,43,44],{},"resident",", but its movements are driven far more by food availability than by season: in years of widespread cone crop failure, crossbills undertake large-scale, unpredictable irruptive movements well beyond their typical range in search of better feeding conditions.",[15,47,48],{},"It is a strict coniferous forest specialist, found almost exclusively in stands of spruce, pine, and other cone-bearing trees, with its local abundance in any given area closely tracking the size of the current cone crop rather than remaining stable from year to year.",[10,50,52],{"id":51},"behavior-and-lifestyle","Behavior and lifestyle",[15,54,55,56,59],{},"Crossbills feed almost entirely on ",[19,57,58],{},"conifer seeds",", particularly spruce, extracted directly from closed cones using the crossed beak to pry apart individual scales before removing the seed with the tongue — a technique that lets crossbills access food completely unavailable to most other seed-eating birds and largely explains their tight ecological dependence on conifer forest. Where different call types or regional populations favor different conifer species, subtle differences in beak size and shape have evolved to match the particular cone structure of the preferred tree.",[15,61,62],{},"Because cone crops vary dramatically between years and regions, crossbill populations are famously nomadic and unpredictable, with flocks capable of moving hundreds of kilometers between seasons in search of productive forest, and local abundance in any one area can shift dramatically from one year to the next depending entirely on food supply rather than typical migratory timing.",[10,64,66],{"id":65},"breeding","Breeding",[15,68,69,70,73,74,77,78,81],{},"Crossbills build a well-insulated cup nest, typically high in a conifer, and are unusual among European songbirds in their capacity to breed at almost any time of year, including the depths of winter, whenever a sufficiently large local cone crop supports it. The typical clutch is ",[19,71,72],{},"3 to 4 eggs",", incubated mainly by the female for ",[19,75,76],{},"12 to 16 days",", with the male feeding her regurgitated seeds throughout incubation. Chicks fledge at around ",[19,79,80],{},"17 to 25 days"," old, a comparatively long nestling period reflecting the specialized, labor-intensive process of extracting and processing conifer seeds to feed them.",[10,83,85],{"id":84},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[87,88,89,93,96],"ul",{},[90,91,92],"li",{},"Because their entire life cycle is built around unpredictable conifer cone crops, crossbills can nest successfully in temperatures well below freezing, relying on thick insulating nest material and close parental attendance to keep eggs and chicks warm through midwinter cold snaps.",[90,94,95],{},"Researchers have documented multiple distinct vocal \"call types\" of red crossbill, each with subtly different bill proportions matched to a particular conifer species, and ongoing research continues to investigate whether some of these types represent separate species rather than variants of one.",[90,97,98],{},"A crossbill can extract and process conifer seeds so efficiently that a single bird may open several hundred cones in a single day during periods of active feeding, reflecting just how tightly its beak, behavior, and habitat are tied together.",{"title":100,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":102},"",2,[103,104,105,106,107],{"id":12,"depth":101,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":101,"text":38},{"id":51,"depth":101,"text":52},{"id":65,"depth":101,"text":66},{"id":84,"depth":101,"text":85},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik.png","The red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is a specialist finch of coniferous forest with a uniquely crossed beak built for prying seeds from spruce and pine cones, and a breeding season that can start in the dead of winter.",[112,113,114],"Seeds of spruce, extracted directly from closed cones","Seeds of pine and other conifers","Occasionally buds, berries, and small insects","md","Fringillidae (Finches)","vjurkovye",[119,122,125],{"q":120,"a":121},"Why is the crossbill's beak crossed instead of straight like other finches?","The crossed tips of the upper and lower mandible act as a specialized tool for prying open the individual scales of a closed conifer cone, letting the bird lever a scale apart just enough to extract the seed beneath with its tongue — a highly specific adaptation that makes the crossbill far more efficient at accessing unopened cones than any straight-billed finch.",{"q":123,"a":124},"Why do crossbills sometimes breed in the middle of winter?","Because their entire diet and reproductive timing are tied to conifer cone crops rather than the usual spring insect flush most songbirds depend on, crossbills can begin breeding whenever a locally abundant cone crop is available — sometimes as early as midwinter in a good spruce seed year — an unusually flexible breeding schedule among European songbirds.",{"q":126,"a":127},"Are there different types of red crossbill with different calls?","Yes. Researchers have identified multiple vocal types, or 'call types,' of red crossbill across its range, each associated with subtly different bill sizes adapted to the cones of particular conifer species, and some ornithologists consider certain call types to represent distinct, cryptic species rather than simple regional variation within one species.","Photorealistic wildlife photography, Loxia curvirostra red crossbill male prying open a spruce cone with its distinctively crossed mandibles, brick-red and orange body plumage overall, dark unmarked wings, cone held sideways in one foot against the branch, sharp focus on the eye, soft-focus background of a dense spruce forest canopy in late winter with light snow on the branches, cool pale directional light from camera-left, shallow depth of field, telephoto lens compression, 16:9",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik","13.07.2026",1,[137,141,145],{"label":138,"path":139,"description":140},"Eurasian siskin","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh","Another conifer-specialist finch with irregular, food-driven movements",{"label":142,"path":143,"description":144},"European greenfinch","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka","A relative with a heavier, but uncrossed, seed-cracking beak",{"label":146,"path":147,"description":148},"Bird identifier","\u002Fopredelitel","Identify a bird you've seen by color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season","resident, with irregular, food-driven irruptive movements at any time of year",{"title":151,"description":152},"Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) — identification, crossed beak","Red crossbill: a conifer-forest finch with a uniquely crossed beak for prying open cones. Identification, diet, irregular movements, and midwinter breeding.",{"loc":133},"vidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik","27–30.5","lBN7qlKEbA6xdWmOQhQF1MImNoZACxYix1vEFVrm1Q4",{"ru":130,"es":130},[159,164,169,174,179,185,190,195,200,205,210,215,220,225,230,235,240,245,250,255,260,266,271,276,281,286,291,295,300,305,310,314,319,324,329,334,340,345,350,355,360,365,370,376,381,386,391,396,401,402,407,412,417,422,427,432,437,442,447],{"title":160,"description":161,"path":162,"coverImage":163,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Barn Swallow","The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is a sleek, deeply forked-tailed aerial hunter and one of the world's most celebrated long-distance migrants, nesting in barns and outbuildings across nearly the entire Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":165,"description":166,"path":167,"coverImage":168,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Black Kite","The black kite (Milvus migrans) is one of the most abundant birds of prey on Earth, an adaptable scavenger easily recognized by its shallow forked tail and buoyant, twisting flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-korshun.png",{"title":170,"description":171,"path":172,"coverImage":173,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Black Woodpecker","The black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) is Europe's largest woodpecker, an entirely black, crow-sized bird whose huge excavated cavities provide essential shelter for owls, martens, and many other forest animals.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzhelna.png",{"title":175,"description":176,"path":177,"coverImage":178,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Black-headed Gull","The black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) is Europe's most familiar small gull, easily identified by its chocolate-brown breeding hood and readily seen far from the coast on inland lakes and city parks.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fozernaya-chaika.png",{"title":180,"description":181,"path":182,"coverImage":183,"publishedAt":184,"order":131},"Black-necked Grebe","The black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) is a small colonial-nesting grebe known for its striking golden ear-tufts, red eyes, and preference for breeding on shallow, gull-fringed lakes.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernosheyaya-poganka.png","14.08.2026",{"title":186,"description":187,"path":188,"coverImage":189,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Coal Tit","The coal tit (Periparus ater) is the smallest European tit, a conifer-forest specialist with a distinctive white nape patch and an intense drive to cache seeds against future shortages.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmoskovka.png",{"title":191,"description":192,"path":193,"coverImage":194,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Blackbird","The common blackbird (Turdus merula) is one of Europe's most familiar garden birds, the glossy black male with his bright orange bill instantly recognizable, and his fluting dawn song among the most beautiful in Europe.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-drozd.png",{"title":196,"description":197,"path":198,"coverImage":199,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Buzzard","The common buzzard (Buteo buteo) is the most widespread bird of prey in Europe, a broad-winged soarer often seen circling over fields or perched on roadside posts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkanyuk-obyknovenny.png",{"title":201,"description":202,"path":203,"coverImage":204,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Chaffinch","The common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) is one of the most abundant and widespread songbirds in Europe, the brightly colored male known for his cheerful, cascading spring song.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik.png",{"title":206,"description":207,"path":208,"coverImage":209,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Cuckoo","The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a grey, hawk-like migrant famous for its instantly recognizable call and its remarkable brood-parasitic lifestyle, laying its eggs exclusively in the nests of other birds.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-kukushka.png",{"title":211,"description":212,"path":213,"coverImage":214,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Gull","The common gull (Larus canus) is a medium-sized, clean-headed gull with a plain yellow-green bill, a familiar sight on rivers, lakes, and coasts mainly during spring and autumn passage.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizaya-chaika.png",{"title":216,"description":217,"path":218,"coverImage":219,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common House Martin","The common house martin (Delichon urbicum) is a glossy blue-black aerial insect-hunter easily told from the barn swallow by its clean white rump, and famous for building enclosed mud nests under building eaves.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgorodskaya-lastochka.png",{"title":221,"description":222,"path":223,"coverImage":224,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Kestrel","The common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is Europe's most familiar falcon, easily recognized by its habit of hovering motionless in the air while hunting voles over open ground.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga.png",{"title":226,"description":227,"path":228,"coverImage":229,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Raven","The common raven (Corvus corax) is the largest member of the crow family and the largest of all songbirds, an immensely intelligent, all-black aerial acrobat found across the Northern Hemisphere.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvoron.png",{"title":231,"description":232,"path":233,"coverImage":234,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Starling","The common starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is a glossy, iridescent songbird famous for its extraordinary vocal mimicry and for forming vast, swirling winter flocks known as murmurations.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovenny-skvorets.png",{"title":236,"description":237,"path":238,"coverImage":239,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Swift","The common swift (Apus apus) is a scythe-winged aerial specialist that spends almost its entire life airborne, feeding, sleeping, and even mating on the wing, only landing to nest.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh.png",{"title":241,"description":242,"path":243,"coverImage":244,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Common Wood Pigeon","The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) is Europe's largest and most widespread pigeon, easily told from the smaller rock dove by its white neck patch and heavier, more powerful build.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fvyakhir.png",{"title":246,"description":247,"path":248,"coverImage":249,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Blackcap","The Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) is a plain grey-brown warbler with a neat black or chestnut cap, prized for a rich, fluting song and famous for rapidly evolving a brand-new migration route within living memory.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fslavka-chernogolovka.png",{"title":251,"description":252,"path":253,"coverImage":254,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Blue Tit","The Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) is a small, acrobatic garden favorite with a vivid blue cap and yellow underparts, whose breeding timing is so tightly tuned to caterpillar abundance it has become a classic model for studying climate change.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flazorevka.png",{"title":256,"description":257,"path":258,"coverImage":259,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Bullfinch","The Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) is a stocky, shy finch whose male's vivid rose-pink underparts make it one of the most striking winter garden visitors across much of Europe and Russia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir.png",{"title":261,"description":262,"path":263,"coverImage":264,"publishedAt":265,"order":131},"Eurasian Coot","The Eurasian coot (Fulica atra) is a bold, aggressively territorial waterbird, recognized by its all-black plumage and bright white bill and frontal shield.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flysukha.png","19.08.2026",{"title":267,"description":268,"path":269,"coverImage":270,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Eagle-Owl","The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is one of the largest owls in the world, a powerful nocturnal predator of cliffs and forests capable of taking prey as large as foxes and other raptors.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Ffilin.png",{"title":272,"description":273,"path":274,"coverImage":275,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Golden Oriole","The Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus) is one of the most brilliantly colored songbirds in Europe, yet its shy, canopy-dwelling habits mean it is far more often heard than seen.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fivolga.png",{"title":277,"description":278,"path":279,"coverImage":280,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Hoopoe","The Eurasian hoopoe (Upupa epops) is one of the most unmistakable birds in its range, a pinkish-orange bird with bold black-and-white striped wings and a tall, erectile crest, its long curved beak built for probing soil.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fudod.png",{"title":282,"description":283,"path":284,"coverImage":285,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Jay","The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a shy, colorful woodland corvid famous for its vivid blue wing patch and its habit of burying thousands of acorns each autumn, helping oak forests spread.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoyka.png",{"title":287,"description":288,"path":289,"coverImage":290,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Magpie","The Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) is a strikingly patterned black-and-white corvid with a long wedge-shaped tail and iridescent wings, famous among birds for passing the mirror self-recognition test.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsoroka.png",{"title":292,"description":293,"path":139,"coverImage":294,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Siskin","The Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus) is a small, acrobatic finch of coniferous forest, often seen hanging upside down from spruce and alder cones while feeding in restless, chattering flocks.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh.png",{"title":296,"description":297,"path":298,"coverImage":299,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Skylark","The Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) is a streaky brown farmland bird famous for singing continuously while climbing almost out of sight into the open sky, and for its dramatic decline across intensively farmed Western Europe.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoy-zhavoronok.png",{"title":301,"description":302,"path":303,"coverImage":304,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Eurasian Tree Sparrow","The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is a smaller, more rural relative of the house sparrow, told apart by its chestnut cap and neat black cheek spot, and both sexes look alike.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolevoi-vorobei.png",{"title":306,"description":307,"path":308,"coverImage":309,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Goldfinch","The European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) is one of Europe's most vividly colored songbirds, a thistle-seed specialist with a bold red face and golden-yellow wing flash.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol.png",{"title":311,"description":312,"path":143,"coverImage":313,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Greenfinch","The European greenfinch (Chloris chloris) is a stocky, olive-green finch with flashes of bright yellow in the wings and tail, known for its buzzy, wheezing song and heavy seed-cracking beak.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka.png",{"title":315,"description":316,"path":317,"coverImage":318,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Pied Flycatcher","The European pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) is a bold black-and-white migrant, a nest-box favorite among researchers, and one of the most closely studied songbirds for how climate change is disrupting migration timing.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmukholovka-pestrushka.png",{"title":320,"description":321,"path":322,"coverImage":323,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Robin","The European robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a small, fiercely territorial songbird instantly recognized by its orange-red face and breast, and one of the few European birds to sing through much of the winter.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzaryanka.png",{"title":325,"description":326,"path":327,"coverImage":328,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"European Turtle Dove","The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is a small, warm-toned migrant dove known for its soft purring song and a population decline so steep it is now classified as globally Vulnerable.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-gorlitsa.png",{"title":330,"description":331,"path":332,"coverImage":333,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Fieldfare","The fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) is a large, gregarious thrush known for forming big winter flocks in berry-laden trees and for its unusual, colonial breeding habit backed by coordinated group defense.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fryabinnik.png",{"title":335,"description":336,"path":337,"coverImage":338,"publishedAt":339,"order":131},"Great Crested Grebe","The great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is the largest Eurasian grebe, famous for its elaborate mutual courtship dance and its ornate double crest and chestnut-and-black head ruff.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-poganka.png","12.08.2026",{"title":341,"description":342,"path":343,"coverImage":344,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Great Spotted Woodpecker","The great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is the most widespread woodpecker in Europe, a bold black-and-white bird known for its rapid drumming and a bright red patch beneath the tail.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoy-pyostry-dyatel.png",{"title":346,"description":347,"path":348,"coverImage":349,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Great Tit","The great tit (Parus major) is the largest and most familiar European tit, a bold, adaptable garden bird known for its bright yellow underparts, black head, and endlessly varied calls.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshaya-sinitsa.png",{"title":351,"description":352,"path":353,"coverImage":354,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Grey Heron","The grey heron (Ardea cinerea) is a tall, statuesque wetland hunter known for standing motionless in shallow water before striking at fish with lightning speed.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya.png",{"title":356,"description":357,"path":358,"coverImage":359,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Greylag Goose","The greylag goose (Anser anser) is the wild ancestor of most domestic geese, a large grey-brown grazing bird best known for its loud honking calls and the strong lifelong pair bonds it forms.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsery-gus.png",{"title":361,"description":362,"path":363,"coverImage":364,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Hooded Crow","The hooded crow (Corvus cornix) is a highly intelligent, ash-grey and black corvid that replaces the all-black carrion crow across Eastern Europe, Russia, and Scandinavia.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-vorona.png",{"title":366,"description":367,"path":368,"coverImage":369,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"House Sparrow","The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is one of the most widespread birds on Earth, a familiar, sociable companion of human settlements, though its numbers have fallen sharply in many Western cities.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fdomovyi-vorobei.png",{"title":371,"description":372,"path":373,"coverImage":374,"publishedAt":375,"order":131},"Little Grebe","The little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) is the smallest European grebe, a dumpy, tailless-looking diver more often heard than seen, its loud whinnying trill echoing from dense waterside vegetation.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fmalaya-poganka.png","10.08.2026",{"title":377,"description":378,"path":379,"coverImage":380,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Long-eared Owl","The long-eared owl (Asio otus) is a slender, secretive owl of dense conifers, instantly recognizable by its long feathered ear tufts and fiery orange eyes, and famous for forming communal winter roosts.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fushastaya-sova.png",{"title":382,"description":383,"path":384,"coverImage":385,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Mallard","The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most familiar duck across the Northern Hemisphere, instantly recognized by the drake's glossy bottle-green head and found on almost any body of water year-round.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva.png",{"title":387,"description":388,"path":389,"coverImage":390,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Mute Swan","The mute swan (Cygnus olor) is one of the world's largest flying birds, instantly recognized by its pure white plumage, gracefully curved neck, and orange bill with a black basal knob.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Flebed-shipun.png",{"title":392,"description":393,"path":394,"coverImage":395,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Northern Goshawk","The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a powerful, secretive forest hawk built for explosive short bursts of speed through dense woodland in pursuit of birds and mammals.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fyastreb-teterevyatnik.png",{"title":397,"description":398,"path":399,"coverImage":400,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Northern Lapwing","The northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) is a striking farmland wader known for its wispy head crest, iridescent green-black upperparts, and spectacular tumbling display flight.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchibis.png",{"title":5,"description":110,"path":133,"coverImage":109,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},{"title":403,"description":404,"path":405,"coverImage":406,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Rock Dove","The rock dove (Columba livia) is the wild ancestor of every domestic and feral pigeon, a cliff-nesting species whose descendants now thrive as one of the most familiar birds of cities worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsizyi-golub.png",{"title":408,"description":409,"path":410,"coverImage":411,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Rook","The rook (Corvus frugilegus) is a highly social, glossy-black corvid of farmland, known for its bare greyish face patch and its habit of nesting in large, noisy tree-top colonies called rookeries.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgrach.png",{"title":413,"description":414,"path":415,"coverImage":416,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Song Thrush","The song thrush (Turdus philomelos) is a richly spotted woodland thrush famous for its melodious, endlessly repeated song and its habit of smashing snail shells open on a favorite stone 'anvil.'","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fpevchiy-drozd.png",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Tawny Owl","The tawny owl (Strix aluco) is the most familiar owl across much of Europe and western Russia, a stocky, big-headed woodland hunter best known for its haunting hooting call after dark.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-neyasyt.png",{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Thrush Nightingale","The thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) is a plain, skulking songbird of dense riverside thickets, famous far beyond its unassuming looks for one of the richest, loudest night songs of any European bird.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsolovey.png",{"title":428,"description":429,"path":430,"coverImage":431,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Western Jackdaw","The western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) is the smallest common European corvid, a sociable, cavity-nesting bird easily recognized by its pale silvery-grey eye and steel-grey nape.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fgalka.png",{"title":433,"description":434,"path":435,"coverImage":436,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"White Stork","The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a massive, long-legged wetland and farmland bird famous for its huge stick nests on rooftops and chimneys, and for a bill-clattering display that replaces true vocal calls.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbely-aist.png",{"title":438,"description":439,"path":440,"coverImage":441,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"White Wagtail","The white wagtail (Motacilla alba) is a slim, black-and-white bird known for its constantly bobbing tail, brisk running gait, and spectacular communal winter roosts that sometimes form in the middle of busy towns.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelaya-tryasoguzka.png",{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"White-tailed Eagle","The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is Europe's largest eagle, a massive fish- and waterbird-hunting raptor of coasts, lakes, and river valleys, once nearly lost to persecution and pesticides.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Forlan-belokhvost.png",{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Yellowhammer","The yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) is a vividly yellow-headed farmland bunting known for its distinctive, rhythmic song, often rendered in English as 'a little bit of bread and no cheese.'","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-ovsyanka.png",[],[454,455,456],{"label":138,"path":139,"description":140,"coverImage":294},{"label":142,"path":143,"description":144,"coverImage":313},{"label":146,"path":147,"description":148,"coverImage":457},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Findex.png",[459,464,470,475,480],{"title":460,"description":461,"path":462,"coverImage":463,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Birds of Prey","Birds of prey hunt live vertebrate prey with keen eyesight, sharp talons, and a hooked bill — from the hovering common kestrel to the massive, fish-hunting white-tailed eagle.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkhishchnye-ptitsy.png",{"title":465,"description":466,"path":467,"coverImage":468,"publishedAt":469,"order":131},"How to Identify a Bird Species","Most bird identification starts with an observation, not a name — plumage color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season narrow the field faster than flipping through a list of species.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-ptitsy.png","14.07.2026",{"title":471,"description":472,"path":473,"coverImage":474,"publishedAt":469,"order":131},"Rare and Threatened Birds","Some birds in this atlas carry a conservation status above Least Concern — from the northern lapwing (NT) to the European turtle dove (VU). This is a reminder that even familiar species can face serious pressure.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fredkie-ptitsy.png",{"title":476,"description":477,"path":478,"coverImage":479,"publishedAt":134,"order":131},"Songbirds","Songbirds are the largest and most vocally elaborate group of birds in the atlas — from the chaffinch's cascading spring song to the nightingale's celebrated night-time performance.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fpevchie-ptitsy.png",{"title":481,"description":482,"path":483,"coverImage":484,"publishedAt":469,"order":131},"Waterfowl and Wetland Birds","Waterfowl and other wetland birds span dabbling ducks, grazing geese, elegant swans, and patient wading hunters — from the everyday mallard to the towering mute swan and the motionless grey heron.","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvodoplavayushchie-ptitsy.png",1787114555788]