[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":205},["ShallowReactive",2],{"glossary_en:\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigraciya-ptic":3,"alt-locale:glossary_en:\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigraciya-ptic":103,"section-listing:glossary_en:\u002Fslovar":104,"section-listing:disabled":199,"related-covers:en:\u002Fslovar\u002Fpereletnye-ptitsy|\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigracionnyi-put|\u002Fopredelitel":200},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":66,"description":67,"extension":68,"faq":69,"imagePrompt":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"pageType":80,"path":81,"publishedAt":82,"readingMinutes":83,"relatedLinks":84,"seo":97,"sitemap":100,"stem":101,"tags":79,"updatedAt":79,"__hash__":102},"glossary_en\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigraciya-ptic.md","Bird Migration",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":60},"minimark",[9,14,28,45,49,52],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"what-migration-is","What migration is",[15,16,17,21,22,27],"p",{},[18,19,20],"strong",{},"Migration"," is the regular, predictable movement of a bird population between two or more regions at set times of year — typically a breeding range used in spring and summer and a separate non-breeding range used in autumn and winter. It is distinct from the random dispersal of young birds looking for territory, and from the irregular movements of ",[23,24,26],"a",{"href":25},"\u002Fen\u002Fslovar\u002Fkochuyushchie-ptitsy","nomadic species"," that shift range in response to unpredictable food supplies rather than the calendar.",[15,29,30,31,34,35,39,40,44],{},"The trigger for migration is primarily ",[18,32,33],{},"food availability",", not temperature directly. Insect-eating species such as the ",[23,36,38],{"href":37},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka","barn swallow"," and ",[23,41,43],{"href":42},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fcherny-strizh","common swift"," leave Eurasia in autumn because flying insects become scarce, not because a swallow's plumage cannot handle cold. Shortening day length acts as the main internal trigger, since it reliably predicts the change in seasons weeks before food actually runs out, giving birds time to build fat reserves and begin the journey.",[10,46,48],{"id":47},"how-migrating-birds-navigate","How migrating birds navigate",[15,50,51],{},"Migrating birds use several overlapping cues rather than a single sense. Many species can detect the Earth's magnetic field through a light-sensitive protein in the retina, effectively giving them an internal compass. They also read the position of the sun by day and the rotation of the stars by night, and — especially on well-traveled routes — recognize physical landmarks such as coastlines, mountain ranges, and river valleys.",[15,53,54,55,59],{},"Distances vary enormously by species. A ",[23,56,58],{"href":57},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga","common kestrel"," breeding in central Russia may move only a few hundred kilometers to milder wintering grounds, while an Arctic tern travels between polar regions, covering tens of thousands of kilometers a year — among the longest migrations of any animal. Both extremes rely on the same underlying navigation toolkit, timed by the same seasonal cues.",{"title":61,"searchDepth":62,"depth":62,"links":63},"",2,[64,65],{"id":12,"depth":62,"text":13},{"id":47,"depth":62,"text":48},"\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigraciya-ptic.png","Bird migration is the regular, seasonal movement of birds between breeding and non-breeding ranges — driven by food availability and daylight, not simply cold weather.","md",[70,73],{"q":71,"a":72},"Do birds migrate only to escape the cold?","Cold itself rarely kills a healthy bird with insulating feathers. The real driver is food: insects disappear, water bodies freeze over, and seed or fruit supplies run out, so birds move to where food stays available rather than to literally escape low temperatures.",{"q":74,"a":75},"How do migrating birds know which way to go?","Research points to a combination of cues rather than one sense: the position of the sun and stars, the Earth's magnetic field (detected via a light-sensitive protein in the eye), and learned landmarks such as coastlines and river valleys, with young birds on some routes relying more heavily on an inherited compass direction and older birds correcting with experience.","Photorealistic wildlife photo, a large V-shaped skein of Anser anser greylag geese flying south at dusk against a pale orange sky, wingbeats slightly out of sync at the back of the formation, a thin crescent moon visible above, layered clouds catching the last warm light, telephoto compression, 16:9",{},true,null,"glossary","\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigraciya-ptic","14.07.2026",1,[85,89,93],{"label":86,"path":87,"description":88},"Migratory birds","\u002Fslovar\u002Fpereletnye-ptitsy","Birds that migrate on a fixed seasonal schedule",{"label":90,"path":91,"description":92},"Migration flyway","\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigracionnyi-put","The specific route a population follows between ranges",{"label":94,"path":95,"description":96},"Bird identifier","\u002Fopredelitel","Identify a bird you've seen by color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season",{"title":98,"description":99},"Bird Migration — why and how birds migrate","What bird migration is, why birds migrate (food, not just cold), and how they navigate using the sun, stars, and Earth's magnetic field.",{"loc":81},"slovar\u002Fmigraciya-ptic","hwGoLH4hM-CZRKNTuN1XY-H4H7KZj40xy5mmBAmJvBU",{"ru":78,"es":78},[105,110,111,116,121,126,131,136,141,146,151,155,159,164,169,174,179,184,189,194],{"title":106,"description":107,"path":108,"coverImage":109,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Bird Feeder","A bird feeder provides supplementary food, most valuably in winter, and lets birdwatchers observe species up close — but it needs regular cleaning to avoid spreading disease.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fkormushka-dlya-ptic","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fkormushka-dlya-ptic.png",{"title":5,"description":67,"path":81,"coverImage":66,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},{"title":112,"description":113,"path":114,"coverImage":115,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Bird Ringing","Bird ringing (banding) attaches a small, uniquely numbered metal or plastic ring to a bird's leg, allowing individuals to be tracked across recaptures and sightings.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fkolcevanie-ptic","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fkolcevanie-ptic.png",{"title":117,"description":118,"path":119,"coverImage":120,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Bird of Prey (Raptor)","A bird of prey, or raptor, hunts live vertebrate prey using strong grasping feet and a hooked bill — a functional grouping spanning several unrelated families, including falcons, hawks, and owls.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fpernatyi-hishchnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fpernatyi-hishchnik.png",{"title":122,"description":123,"path":124,"coverImage":125,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Birdwatching","Birdwatching is the recreational observation and identification of wild birds, ranging from casual garden watching to structured trips to specific sites and seasons.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fbirdwatching","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fbirdwatching.png",{"title":127,"description":128,"path":129,"coverImage":130,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Conservation Status of Birds (LC\u002FNT\u002FVU\u002FEN\u002FCR)","Conservation status is a standardized IUCN category — from Least Concern to Extinct — measuring how close a species is to disappearing across its entire range.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fohrannyi-status-ptic","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fohrannyi-status-ptic.png",{"title":132,"description":133,"path":134,"coverImage":135,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Downy Chick","A downy chick is a hatchling covered in soft, fluffy natal down rather than true feathers — its exact appearance and mobility depend on whether the species is precocial or altricial.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fpuhovoi-ptenec","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fpuhovoi-ptenec.png",{"title":137,"description":138,"path":139,"coverImage":140,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Egg Clutch","A clutch is the full set of eggs a female bird lays in a single nesting attempt — its size varies by species from a single egg to over a dozen.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fkladka-yaic","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fkladka-yaic.png",{"title":142,"description":143,"path":144,"coverImage":145,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Egg Incubation","Incubation is the process of keeping eggs at a stable, warm temperature until they hatch, usually by direct body contact through a bare, blood-vessel-rich brood patch.","\u002Fslovar\u002Finkubaciya-yaic","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Finkubaciya-yaic.png",{"title":147,"description":148,"path":149,"coverImage":150,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Endemic Species","An endemic species occurs naturally in one specific geographic area and nowhere else in the world, making it a priority for conservation attention.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik.png",{"title":152,"description":153,"path":91,"coverImage":154,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Migration Flyway","A migration flyway is the broad geographic corridor a population of migratory birds consistently follows between breeding and wintering ranges, often shaped by coastlines and mountains.","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigracionnyi-put.png",{"title":156,"description":157,"path":87,"coverImage":158,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Migratory Birds","Migratory birds leave their breeding range for a separate wintering range on a predictable seasonal schedule, returning to breed in the same area each spring.","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fpereletnye-ptitsy.png",{"title":160,"description":161,"path":162,"coverImage":163,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Molt in Birds","Molt is the periodic shedding and replacement of feathers, essential for flight efficiency, insulation, and — in many species — seasonal changes in plumage color.","\u002Fslovar\u002Flinka-u-ptic","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Flinka-u-ptic.png",{"title":165,"description":166,"path":167,"coverImage":168,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Nest Box","A nest box is an artificial cavity built to attract hole-nesting birds where natural tree cavities are scarce, from starling boxes to smaller tit and sparrow boxes.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fskvorechnik","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fskvorechnik.png",{"title":170,"description":171,"path":172,"coverImage":173,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Nesting","Nesting is the full process of building or selecting a nest site, laying and incubating eggs, and raising chicks to independence — behavior that varies enormously between bird families.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fgnezdovanie","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fgnezdovanie.png",{"title":175,"description":176,"path":177,"coverImage":178,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Nomadic Birds","Nomadic (irruptive) birds move irregularly and unpredictably between areas in response to fluctuating food supply, rather than following a fixed seasonal migration.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fkochuyushchie-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fkochuyushchie-ptitsy.png",{"title":180,"description":181,"path":182,"coverImage":183,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Passage Migrants","A passage migrant is a bird seen in a region only briefly, while traveling between a breeding range and a wintering range that both lie elsewhere.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fproletnye-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fproletnye-ptitsy.png",{"title":185,"description":186,"path":187,"coverImage":188,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Precocial and Altricial Birds","Precocial chicks hatch mobile, feathered, and able to feed themselves within hours; altricial chicks hatch blind, naked, and entirely dependent on their parents.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fvyvodkovye-i-ptencovye-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fvyvodkovye-i-ptencovye-ptitsy.png",{"title":190,"description":191,"path":192,"coverImage":193,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Range (Habitat Range)","A species' range is the total geographic area where it occurs, distinct from habitat, which describes the type of environment it uses within that area.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fareal-obitaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fareal-obitaniya.png",{"title":195,"description":196,"path":197,"coverImage":198,"publishedAt":82,"order":79},"Resident Birds","Resident birds stay within the same general area year-round, neither migrating to a separate wintering range nor undertaking large nomadic movements.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fosedlye-ptitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fosedlye-ptitsy.png",[],[201,202,203],{"label":86,"path":87,"description":88,"coverImage":158},{"label":90,"path":91,"description":92,"coverImage":154},{"label":94,"path":95,"description":96,"coverImage":204},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Findex.png",1787114564126]