[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":293},["ShallowReactive",2],{"families_en:\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvjurkovye":3,"alt-locale:families_en:\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvjurkovye":148,"section-listing:families_en:\u002Fsemeystva":149,"section-listing:disabled":286,"related-covers:en:\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvranovye|\u002Fsemeystva|\u002Fopredelitel":287},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":108,"description":109,"extension":110,"faq":111,"imagePrompt":121,"latinName":20,"meta":122,"navigation":123,"order":124,"pageType":125,"path":126,"publishedAt":127,"readingMinutes":128,"relatedLinks":129,"seo":142,"sitemap":145,"stem":146,"taxonRank":125,"updatedAt":124,"__hash__":147},"families_en\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvjurkovye.md","Finches (Fringillidae)",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":100},"minimark",[9,14,22,25,29,32,35,39,93,97],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"what-makes-fringillidae-a-family","What makes Fringillidae a family",[15,16,17,21],"p",{},[18,19,20],"strong",{},"Fringillidae",", the true finch family, comprises over 200 small to medium-sized songbird species worldwide, unified by a short, strong, typically conical beak adapted for handling seeds — the family's dominant, though not exclusive, food source. A notched or shallow-forked tail and a distinctive undulating, bounding flight, produced by alternating short bursts of flapping with brief closed-wing glides, are shared across nearly every member of the family, making silhouette and flight style useful identification clues even before plumage details are visible.",[15,23,24],{},"Beak shape within the family varies substantially according to diet, offering one of the clearest examples in European birds of how a single anatomical feature can diversify to exploit different food sources: from the goldfinch's fine, needle-like bill suited to extracting seeds from tight flower heads, to the greenfinch's heavy conical bill built for cracking large, hard seeds, to the red crossbill's remarkable crossed mandibles, uniquely adapted for prying open unopened conifer cones.",[10,26,28],{"id":27},"distinctive-traits-across-the-family","Distinctive traits across the family",[15,30,31],{},"Plumage across Fringillidae ranges from the muted, understated coloring of species like the siskin to some of the most vividly patterned songbirds in Europe, including the bullfinch's vivid rose-pink and the goldfinch's bold red, black, and gold face pattern. Social behavior also varies: some species, like the chaffinch, forage individually or in loose association for much of the year, while others, including the siskin and greenfinch, are strongly gregarious, forming large, cohesive flocks outside the breeding season.",[15,33,34],{},"Migratory strategy within the family spans the full range from largely sedentary populations to fully migratory ones, and several conifer-specialist finches — the siskin and red crossbill in particular — follow food-driven nomadic movements rather than a fixed seasonal pattern, appearing unpredictably in large numbers wherever a good local seed crop draws them.",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"species-in-this-family","Species in this family",[15,40,41,42,47,48,52,53,47,57,60,61,47,65,68,69,47,73,76,77,47,81,84,85,47,89,92],{},"This atlas currently covers six members of Fringillidae: the ",[43,44,46],"a",{"href":45},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzyablik","common chaffinch"," (",[49,50,51],"em",{},"Fringilla coelebs","), one of Europe's most abundant songbirds; the ",[43,54,56],{"href":55},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fshchegol","European goldfinch",[49,58,59],{},"Carduelis carduelis","), a vividly colored thistle-seed specialist; the ",[43,62,64],{"href":63},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fsnegir","Eurasian bullfinch",[49,66,67],{},"Pyrrhula pyrrhula","), a shy, stocky finch known for its rose-pink males; the ",[43,70,72],{"href":71},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fchizh","Eurasian siskin",[49,74,75],{},"Spinus spinus","), a small acrobatic conifer specialist; the ",[43,78,80],{"href":79},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fzelenushka","European greenfinch",[49,82,83],{},"Chloris chloris","), a heavy-billed generalist with a distinctive buzzing song; and the ",[43,86,88],{"href":87},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fklyost-elovik","red crossbill",[49,90,91],{},"Loxia curvirostra","), famous for its uniquely crossed beak. Further Fringillidae species native to the atlas's covered regions will be added to the catalogue over time.",[10,94,96],{"id":95},"where-and-when-to-watch-this-family","Where and when to watch this family",[15,98,99],{},"Finches can be found across nearly every habitat covered by this atlas, from farmland and hedgerows to coniferous forest and gardens, and most species are present year-round somewhere within their range, though local abundance can shift noticeably with the seasons and with food availability. Winter is often the easiest time to see several species together, as mixed finch flocks gather at rich seed sources — weedy field margins, alder stands, or garden feeders — bringing species that might otherwise rarely overlap into close, easily comparable view.",{"title":101,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":103},"",2,[104,105,106,107],{"id":12,"depth":102,"text":13},{"id":27,"depth":102,"text":28},{"id":37,"depth":102,"text":38},{"id":95,"depth":102,"text":96},"\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvjurkovye.png","The true finch family: small, seed-eating songbirds with conical beaks ranging from the everyday chaffinch to the specialized, cone-prying red crossbill.","md",[112,115,118],{"q":113,"a":114},"What physically unites such differently colored finches?","Every member of Fringillidae shares a short, strong, conical beak adapted for cracking or extracting seeds, along with a notched or forked tail and a characteristic bounding, undulating flight pattern produced by alternating bursts of wingbeats and short closed-wing glides. Beak shape and size vary considerably within the family depending on the exact type of seed each species specializes in, from the goldfinch's fine, needle-like bill to the red crossbill's uniquely crossed mandibles.",{"q":116,"a":117},"Why do some finches, like the crossbill and siskin, wander so unpredictably?","Several finch species, particularly conifer specialists like the red crossbill and Eurasian siskin, depend on seed crops that vary dramatically in size from year to year and place to place. Rather than following a fixed seasonal migration, these species move nomadically in search of good feeding conditions, sometimes appearing in large numbers far outside their usual range in a pattern known as an irruption.",{"q":119,"a":120},"Do all finches sing, or are some known mainly for their calls?","Most Fringillidae species have distinctive songs used in territory defense and mate attraction, ranging from the chaffinch's cheerful cascading trill to the greenfinch's wheezy buzz, though several species, including the bullfinch, are comparatively quiet and better known for a soft, simple contact call than an elaborate song.","Photorealistic wildlife photography, a mixed feeding-station composition showing a male common chaffinch, a European goldfinch and a Eurasian bullfinch perched together on a snow-dusted garden feeder in winter, contrasting beak shapes and plumage patterns visible side by side, sharp focus on the chaffinch's eye in the foreground, soft-focus background of a frosty garden hedge, cool crisp winter daylight, shallow depth of field, telephoto lens compression, 16:9",{},true,null,"family","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvjurkovye","13.07.2026",1,[130,134,138],{"label":131,"path":132,"description":133},"Crows, Ravens, and Allies (Corvidae)","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvranovye","A very different, larger-bodied songbird family",{"label":135,"path":136,"description":137},"Bird families","\u002Fsemeystva","Species grouped by taxonomic family",{"label":139,"path":140,"description":141},"Bird identifier","\u002Fopredelitel","Identify a bird you've seen by color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season",{"title":143,"description":144},"Finches (Fringillidae) — traits, species, and where to find them","Fringillidae, the true finch family: small seed-eating songbirds with conical beaks, from the common chaffinch to the specialized red crossbill. Traits and species.",{"loc":126},"semeystva\u002Fvjurkovye","tQLyrXmtq6odLGXzJyb8EMfvg1r5rpGqSEKvgvPfF3s",{"ru":123,"es":123},[150,155,158,163,168,169,175,180,185,190,195,200,205,210,215,220,225,231,236,241,246,251,256,261,266,271,276,281],{"title":151,"description":152,"path":153,"coverImage":154,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Buntings (Emberizidae)","The bunting family: sturdy, seed-eating farmland and open-country songbirds represented here by the vividly yellow-headed yellowhammer, one of Europe's most familiar hedgerow singers.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fovsyankovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fovsyankovye.png",{"title":131,"description":156,"path":132,"coverImage":157,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"The crow family: some of the most intelligent birds on Earth, from the tiny, sociable jackdaw to the giant common raven, united by cognitive sophistication and remarkable behavioral flexibility.","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvranovye.png",{"title":159,"description":160,"path":161,"coverImage":162,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Cuckoos (Cuculidae)","The cuckoo family: slender, long-tailed birds best known for the common cuckoo's remarkable brood-parasitic lifestyle, tricking other species into raising its young.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fkukushkovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fkukushkovye.png",{"title":164,"description":165,"path":166,"coverImage":167,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Falcons (Falconidae)","The falcon family: fast, direct-flying birds of prey with a distinctive hooked, tomial-toothed beak, found on every continent except Antarctica.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fsokolinye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fsokolinye.png",{"title":5,"description":109,"path":126,"coverImage":108,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},{"title":170,"description":171,"path":172,"coverImage":173,"publishedAt":174,"order":124},"Grebes (Podicipedidae)","The grebe family: highly specialized freshwater diving birds with lobed toes, elaborate courtship displays, and chicks that ride on their parents' backs while swimming.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fpogankovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fpogankovye.png","07.08.2026",{"title":176,"description":177,"path":178,"coverImage":179,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Gulls (Laridae)","The gull family: adaptable, highly social waterbirds ranging from the small, brown-hooded black-headed gull to the larger, plain-billed common gull, equally at home on coasts and inland waters.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fchaykovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fchaykovye.png",{"title":181,"description":182,"path":183,"coverImage":184,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Hawks, Eagles, and Kites (Accipitridae)","The largest family of diurnal birds of prey, spanning soaring buzzards, forest-hunting goshawks, massive fish eagles, and scavenging kites united by a hooked beak and taloned feet.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fyastrebinye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fyastrebinye.png",{"title":186,"description":187,"path":188,"coverImage":189,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Herons (Ardeidae)","The heron family: patient, statuesque wetland hunters with a coiled S-shaped neck and dagger-like bill, epitomized by the grey heron's motionless watch at the water's edge.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Ftsaplevye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Ftsaplevye.png",{"title":191,"description":192,"path":193,"coverImage":194,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Hoopoes (Upupidae)","A small family built around a single unmistakable species, the Eurasian hoopoe, known for its fan-like crest, curved probing beak, and unusual glandular nest defenses.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fudodovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fudodovye.png",{"title":196,"description":197,"path":198,"coverImage":199,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Larks (Alaudidae)","The lark family: streaked, ground-nesting birds of open farmland and grassland, best known for the extraordinary sustained soaring song-flight of the Eurasian skylark.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fzhavoronkovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fzhavoronkovye.png",{"title":201,"description":202,"path":203,"coverImage":204,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Old World Flycatchers and Chats (Muscicapidae)","A family spanning the beloved orange-breasted robin, the vocally legendary nightingale, and the acrobatic pied flycatcher, unified more by ancestry and insect-catching habits than by appearance.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fmuholovkovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fmuholovkovye.png",{"title":206,"description":207,"path":208,"coverImage":209,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Old World Orioles (Oriolidae)","A family of brilliantly colored but famously shy canopy songbirds, represented in Europe by the golden oriole, a bird more often identified by its fluting song than by sight.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fivolgovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fivolgovye.png",{"title":211,"description":212,"path":213,"coverImage":214,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Old World Sparrows (Passeridae)","The Old World sparrow family: small, sociable, seed-eating birds closely tied to human settlement, from the familiar house sparrow to its quieter, farmland-favoring relative the tree sparrow.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvorobyinye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fvorobyinye.png",{"title":216,"description":217,"path":218,"coverImage":219,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Pigeons and Doves (Columbidae)","The pigeon family: stout-bodied, small-headed birds fed on crop milk as chicks, spanning the city-adapted rock dove and wood pigeon to the increasingly rare, long-distance migrant turtle dove.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubinye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubinye.png",{"title":221,"description":222,"path":223,"coverImage":224,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Plovers and Lapwings (Charadriidae)","The plover family: compact, large-eyed waders with short bills adapted for visual foraging, from the crested, iridescent northern lapwing to its smaller and plainer relatives.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Frzhankovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Frzhankovye.png",{"title":226,"description":227,"path":228,"coverImage":229,"publishedAt":230,"order":124},"Rails, Crakes, and Coots (Rallidae)","The rail family: laterally flattened marsh specialists built for slipping through dense reed beds, ranging from the secretive corncrake to the bold, aggressive Eurasian coot.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fpastushkovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fpastushkovye.png","17.08.2026",{"title":232,"description":233,"path":234,"coverImage":235,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Starlings (Sturnidae)","The starling family: gregarious, iridescent, highly vocal songbirds represented in Europe by the common starling and its spectacular winter murmurations.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fskvorcovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fskvorcovye.png",{"title":237,"description":238,"path":239,"coverImage":240,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Storks (Ciconiidae)","The stork family: massive, long-legged wading birds with long straight bills, epitomized by the white stork's huge rooftop nests and dramatic overland migration to Africa.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Faistovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Faistovye.png",{"title":242,"description":243,"path":244,"coverImage":245,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Swallows and Martins (Hirundinidae)","The swallow family: sleek, long-winged aerial insect-hunters that spend most of their waking lives on the wing, from the red-throated barn swallow to the white-rumped house martin.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Flastochkovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Flastochkovye.png",{"title":247,"description":248,"path":249,"coverImage":250,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Swifts (Apodidae)","The swift family: extreme aerial specialists that spend nearly their entire lives in flight, closer in ancestry to hummingbirds than to the swallows they superficially resemble.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fstrizhinye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fstrizhinye.png",{"title":252,"description":253,"path":254,"coverImage":255,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Sylvia Warblers (Sylviidae)","A family of small, plainly plumaged, densely-vegetation-loving warblers prized far more for their voices than their looks, exemplified by the richly singing Eurasian blackcap.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fslavkovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fslavkovye.png",{"title":257,"description":258,"path":259,"coverImage":260,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Thrushes (Turdidae)","The thrush family: medium-sized, powerful-singing ground foragers, from the glossy black common blackbird to the heavily spotted song thrush and the gregarious, flocking fieldfare.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fdrozdovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fdrozdovye.png",{"title":262,"description":263,"path":264,"coverImage":265,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Tits (Paridae)","The tit family: small, acrobatic, cavity-nesting songbirds from the bold, dominant great tit to the tiny, cache-obsessed coal tit, among the most familiar and intensively studied garden birds in Europe.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fsinitsevye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fsinitsevye.png",{"title":267,"description":268,"path":269,"coverImage":270,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Typical Owls (Strigidae)","The largest owl family, spanning the familiar tawny owl, tufted long-eared owl, and the giant Eurasian eagle-owl, united by forward-facing eyes, silent flight, and mostly nocturnal habits.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fsovinye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fsovinye.png",{"title":272,"description":273,"path":274,"coverImage":275,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Wagtails and Pipits (Motacillidae)","A family of slender, long-tailed, ground-foraging songbirds best exemplified by the constantly tail-bobbing white wagtail, equally at home beside a river or in a busy town square.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Ftryasoguzkovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Ftryasoguzkovye.png",{"title":277,"description":278,"path":279,"coverImage":280,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Waterfowl (Anatidae)","The waterfowl family: ducks, geese, and swans, unified by webbed feet, waterproof plumage, and a broad flattened bill, from the familiar mallard to the massive mute swan.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Futinye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Futinye.png",{"title":282,"description":283,"path":284,"coverImage":285,"publishedAt":127,"order":124},"Woodpeckers (Picidae)","The woodpecker family: powerful, tree-climbing excavators built to hammer into wood, from the widespread black-and-white great spotted woodpecker to the crow-sized black woodpecker.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fdyatlovye","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fdyatlovye.png",[],[288,289,291],{"label":131,"path":132,"description":133,"coverImage":157},{"label":135,"path":136,"description":137,"coverImage":290},"\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Findex.png",{"label":139,"path":140,"description":141,"coverImage":292},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Findex.png",1787114562295]