[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":280},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay":136,"section-listing:disabled":137,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya|\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy|\u002Fopredelitel":138,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":144,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya":182,"section-collection:atlas_en":184},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":95,"description":96,"extension":97,"faq":98,"imagePrompt":108,"meta":109,"navigation":110,"order":111,"pageType":112,"path":113,"publishedAt":114,"readingMinutes":115,"region":116,"relatedLinks":117,"seo":130,"sitemap":133,"stem":134,"updatedAt":111,"__hash__":135},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.md","Birds of China",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":87},"minimark",[9,14,27,30,34,58,61,65,80,84],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"a-critical-bottleneck-on-a-major-flyway","A critical bottleneck on a major flyway",[15,16,17,18,22,23,26],"p",{},"China's sheer geographic scale makes it impossible to summarize in the same terms as smaller countries covered in this atlas, but one feature stands out for its global significance: the coastal mudflats of the ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea",", where an extraordinary concentration of migratory shorebirds and waterbirds funnels through a relatively narrow stretch of coastline twice a year while traveling the ",[19,24,25],{},"East Asian-Australasian Flyway"," between Arctic breeding grounds and wintering areas across Southeast Asia and Australia. Few other stretches of coastline anywhere in the world carry this much migratory traffic through such a constrained area.",[15,28,29],{},"Beyond this coastal bottleneck, China's interior spans temperate forest and farmland in the north and east, broadly similar in character to neighboring parts of the Far East, transitioning into increasingly subtropical and mountainous terrain further south and west — a range of habitat this single overview page can only begin to represent.",[10,31,33],{"id":32},"typical-species-relevant-to-this-atlas","Typical species relevant to this atlas",[15,35,36,37,42,43,47,48,52,53,57],{},"A number of species covered throughout this atlas range widely enough across temperate Eurasia to reach northern and eastern China. The ",[38,39,41],"a",{"href":40},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fobyknovennaya-pustelga","common kestrel"," hunts open country and farmland across much of the country's temperate zone, while the ",[38,44,46],{"href":45},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fderevenskaya-lastochka","barn swallow"," is a familiar summer breeder in towns and villages, arriving each spring in a pattern similar to its European range. Wetlands and rivers across northern and eastern China support the ",[38,49,51],{"href":50},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fkryakva","mallard"," and ",[38,54,56],{"href":55},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy\u002Fseraya-tsaplya","grey heron",", both frequently seen on lakes, rice paddies, and slow-moving waterways.",[15,59,60],{},"The coastal mudflats along the Yellow Sea, meanwhile, host vastly larger numbers of migratory shorebirds and waterbirds than any single species page in this atlas can represent, reflecting the sheer scale of passage through this stretch of coast during both spring and autumn migration.",[10,62,64],{"id":63},"seasonality","Seasonality",[15,66,67,68,71,72,75,76,79],{},"Northern and eastern China follows a seasonal pattern with meaningful similarity to neighboring temperate regions of Northeast Asia and Korea: spring migration builds through ",[19,69,70],{},"March and April",", with breeding activity through ",[19,73,74],{},"May and June",", and a pronounced autumn passage from ",[19,77,78],{},"August through October",", when the Yellow Sea coast in particular sees its heaviest shorebird and waterbird traffic as migrants stage on the region's mudflats before continuing their journey south. Winters across the north are cold, with milder conditions further south supporting a larger resident and short-distance migrant bird community.",[10,81,83],{"id":82},"conservation-notes","Conservation notes",[15,85,86],{},"Rapid coastal development, land reclamation, and pollution along the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea coastlines have significantly reduced the area of mudflat habitat available to migratory shorebirds over recent decades, a loss considered one of the more urgent conservation concerns anywhere on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, since these mudflats function as an essential refueling stop that many migratory species cannot easily bypass. International conservation efforts increasingly focus on protecting the coastline's remaining intact wetland habitat given its outsized importance to the flyway as a whole.",{"title":88,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":90},"",2,[91,92,93,94],{"id":12,"depth":89,"text":13},{"id":32,"depth":89,"text":33},{"id":63,"depth":89,"text":64},{"id":82,"depth":89,"text":83},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png","China's enormous range of climate zones and its position on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway make it one of the most consequential countries in the world for migratory bird conservation.","md",[99,102,105],{"q":100,"a":101},"Why is China so significant for global bird migration?","China's Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea coastlines sit at a critical bottleneck along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, one of the world's busiest bird migration corridors, where huge numbers of shorebirds and waterbirds funnel through a comparatively narrow stretch of coastal mudflat habitat while moving between Arctic breeding grounds and wintering areas across Southeast Asia and Australia, making the condition of these coastal wetlands disproportionately important for the survival of many migratory populations.",{"q":103,"a":104},"Does China's bird life vary as much as its huge size might suggest?","Yes, considerably — northern China shares meaningful similarity with temperate Siberian and East Asian habitats covered elsewhere in this atlas, while the country's south transitions into subtropical and even tropical habitat with an entirely different bird community, meaning a single country page can only introduce the broad northern and eastern pattern most relevant to species also covered in this atlas.",{"q":106,"a":107},"Are common Eurasian species also found in China?","A number of widespread species covered throughout this atlas do reach China, particularly its northern and eastern regions, including the common kestrel, grey heron, mallard, and barn swallow, all of which range across enough of temperate Eurasia to appear on China pages alongside other Eurasian coverage in this atlas.","Photorealistic nature photo, a large flock of waterbirds gathered on extensive coastal mudflats along China's Yellow Sea coast at low tide, soft grey morning light reflecting off wet mud and shallow tidal pools, distant coastal wetland vegetation along the shoreline, calm overcast sky, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","14.07.2026",1,"China",[118,122,126],{"label":119,"path":120,"description":121},"Birds of Asia","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","Overview of bird life across the Asian region",{"label":123,"path":124,"description":125},"Species catalogue","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy","Browse all bird species covered in the atlas",{"label":127,"path":128,"description":129},"Bird identifier","\u002Fopredelitel","Identify a bird you've seen by color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season",{"title":131,"description":132},"Birds of China — flyway coast and typical species","A birdwatching guide to China: Yellow Sea coastal mudflats on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, typical northern species, seasonality, and conservation.",{"loc":113},"atlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","XyAH9LKVW7ht3xL-J-cUaFnIuSF9vYx1QyZc0i30SuY",{"ru":110,"es":110},[],[139,141,142],{"label":119,"path":120,"description":121,"coverImage":140},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"label":123,"path":124,"description":125,"coverImage":111},{"label":127,"path":128,"description":129,"coverImage":143},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Findex.png",[145,150,155,157,162,167,172,177],{"title":146,"description":147,"path":148,"coverImage":149,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Bird Distribution Maps","Distribution maps show where a species breeds, winters, and passes through on migration — and reading them well is one of the fastest ways to judge whether a sighting makes sense.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",{"title":151,"description":152,"path":153,"coverImage":154,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Africa","Africa's savanna, rainforest, desert, and Rift Valley lakes support one of the richest bird faunas on Earth, and serve as the wintering grounds for huge numbers of European and Asian migrants.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",{"title":119,"description":156,"path":120,"coverImage":140,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Asia stretches from Siberian taiga through Central Asian steppe and desert to the monsoon forests of the south and east, making it the most ecologically varied region in this atlas.",{"title":158,"description":159,"path":160,"coverImage":161,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Australia and Oceania","Long isolation has given Australia and the Pacific islands a bird fauna dominated by unique local lineages, from parrots and honeyeaters to the flightless birds of remote island groups.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",{"title":163,"description":164,"path":165,"coverImage":166,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Europe","From Atlantic coastlines to Alpine peaks, Europe packs an unusually wide range of bird habitats into a relatively compact area.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":168,"description":169,"path":170,"coverImage":171,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of North America","North America stretches from Arctic tundra to subtropical wetland, and shares a surprising number of species and close relatives with the Eurasian sections of this atlas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",{"title":173,"description":174,"path":175,"coverImage":176,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Russia","Russia spans eleven time zones and habitats from Baltic wetlands to Far Eastern taiga, giving it one of the most varied bird faunas of any single country in this atlas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png",{"title":178,"description":179,"path":180,"coverImage":181,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of South America","South America holds the richest bird fauna of any continent, from Amazon rainforest to Andean peaks and Patagonian steppe, and hosts many wintering songbirds and shorebirds from further north.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",[183],{"title":5,"description":96,"path":113,"coverImage":95,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},[185,191,192,193,199,200,205,206,211,212,213,218,223,228,233,238,239,245,250,256,257,258,264,270,275],{"title":186,"description":187,"path":188,"coverImage":189,"publishedAt":190,"order":111},"Bird Atlas by Region","Explore bird life region by region across Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, Australia and Oceania — with typical species and best places to watch.","\u002Fatlas","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Findex.png","13.07.2026",{"title":146,"description":147,"path":148,"coverImage":149,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},{"title":151,"description":152,"path":153,"coverImage":154,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},{"title":194,"description":195,"path":196,"coverImage":197,"publishedAt":198,"order":111},"Birds of Altai Krai","Altai Krai's forest-steppe landscape, unique ribbon pine forests, and thousands of steppe lakes make it one of southern Siberia's most productive regions for both open-country and waterbird species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png","28.07.2026",{"title":119,"description":156,"path":120,"coverImage":140,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},{"title":201,"description":202,"path":203,"coverImage":204,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Australia","Australia's long isolation produced one of the world's most distinctive bird faunas, from parrots and honeyeaters in eucalyptus woodland to seabirds along its enormous coastline.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png",{"title":158,"description":159,"path":160,"coverImage":161,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},{"title":207,"description":208,"path":209,"coverImage":210,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Brazil","Brazil holds most of the Amazon basin, the vast Pantanal wetland, and a long Atlantic coastline, giving it the highest bird species count of any country on Earth.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.png",{"title":5,"description":96,"path":113,"coverImage":95,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},{"title":163,"description":164,"path":165,"coverImage":166,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},{"title":214,"description":215,"path":216,"coverImage":217,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Germany","Germany's Baltic and North Sea coasts, lowland farmland, and Alpine foothills give it one of the most varied and well-documented bird communities in central Europe.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":219,"description":220,"path":221,"coverImage":222,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Kenya","Kenya's savanna, Rift Valley lakes, montane forest, and Indian Ocean coast give it one of the highest bird diversities of any country in Africa, plus an important role for European migrants.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":224,"description":225,"path":226,"coverImage":227,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Krasnodar Krai","Krasnodar Krai's warm Black Sea coast, Kuban River wetlands, and Caucasus foothills give it one of the mildest climates and richest winter bird communities in Russia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":229,"description":230,"path":231,"coverImage":232,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Leningrad Oblast","Leningrad Oblast's Baltic coastline, taiga forest, and countless lakes and bogs make it one of the richest wetland and forest birding regions in northwestern Russia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":234,"description":235,"path":236,"coverImage":237,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Moscow Oblast","Moscow Oblast's mix of mixed forest, farmland, rivers, and city parks supports a rich resident and migratory bird community within easy reach of Russia's capital.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":168,"description":169,"path":170,"coverImage":171,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},{"title":240,"description":241,"path":242,"coverImage":243,"publishedAt":244,"order":111},"Birds of Novosibirsk Oblast","Novosibirsk Oblast's Baraba steppe wetlands, the Ob river, and the vast Ob Sea reservoir make it one of West Siberia's most productive regions for steppe and waterbird species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png","05.08.2026",{"title":246,"description":247,"path":248,"coverImage":249,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of Primorsky Krai","Primorsky Krai's temperate forests on the shores of the Sea of Japan sit at the meeting point of Siberian and East Asian bird faunas, making it one of Russia's most distinctive birding regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":251,"description":252,"path":253,"coverImage":254,"publishedAt":255,"order":111},"Birds of Rostov Oblast","Rostov Oblast's Don river delta, Sea of Azov coastline, and steppe lake systems make it one of southern Russia's key wetland and steppe birding regions along the Sea of Azov flyway.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png","03.08.2026",{"title":173,"description":174,"path":175,"coverImage":176,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},{"title":178,"description":179,"path":180,"coverImage":181,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},{"title":259,"description":260,"path":261,"coverImage":262,"publishedAt":263,"order":111},"Birds of Sverdlovsk Oblast","Sverdlovsk Oblast straddles the low, forested ridges of the Middle Urals on the boundary between Europe and Asia, its dense taiga and river valleys supporting a classic boreal forest bird community.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png","27.07.2026",{"title":265,"description":266,"path":267,"coverImage":268,"publishedAt":269,"order":111},"Birds of the Republic of Crimea","Crimea's mix of Black Sea and Sea of Azov coastline, the vast Sivash wetland, and a warm Mediterranean-influenced south coast make it one of the most important birding regions on Russia's southern flyway.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png","30.07.2026",{"title":271,"description":272,"path":273,"coverImage":274,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of the Republic of Karelia","Karelia's dense boreal forest, thousands of lakes, and long northern summer days make it one of Russia's premier destinations for taiga and wetland birdwatching.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":276,"description":277,"path":278,"coverImage":279,"publishedAt":114,"order":111},"Birds of the United States","From Alaskan tundra to Florida wetland, the United States spans an enormous range of bird habitats connected by well-defined migratory flyways used by hundreds of species each year.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",1787114552021]