[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":251},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya":107,"section-listing:disabled":108,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya|\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy|\u002Fopredelitel":109,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":115,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya":153,"section-collection:atlas_en":155},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":66,"description":67,"extension":68,"faq":69,"imagePrompt":79,"meta":80,"navigation":81,"order":82,"pageType":83,"path":84,"publishedAt":85,"readingMinutes":86,"region":87,"relatedLinks":88,"seo":101,"sitemap":104,"stem":105,"updatedAt":82,"__hash__":106},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.md","Birds of Australia",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":58},"minimark",[9,14,27,30,34,37,40,44,51,55],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"an-island-continents-own-bird-world","An island continent's own bird world",[15,16,17,18,22,23,26],"p",{},"Australia's tens of millions of years of geographic isolation produced one of the most distinctive bird faunas found on any continent. ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"Parrots"," diversified extensively across the country's eucalyptus-dominated woodlands, while ",[19,24,25],{},"honeyeaters",", a large family found in greatest diversity in Australia and nearby parts of Oceania, evolved alongside the nectar-rich flowers of eucalyptus and banksia plants that dominate much of the continent's vegetation. Together these two groups alone account for a level of avian diversity and specialization rarely matched by comparable groups anywhere else in the world.",[15,28,29],{},"This distinctiveness plays out against a backdrop of dramatic climate variation across the continent: tropical monsoon conditions across the north, vast arid desert dominating the interior, and a milder temperate climate along the populated southern and eastern coastal fringe, each supporting a correspondingly different bird community.",[10,31,33],{"id":32},"a-largely-unique-bird-fauna","A largely unique bird fauna",[15,35,36],{},"Almost none of Australia's native bird species overlap with those covered elsewhere in this atlas, a reflection of just how long the continent has evolved in isolation from Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas. A modest number of European-origin species were introduced to Australia during colonial settlement and have since established permanent populations in cities and farmland, but they remain a small exception within a bird fauna that is overwhelmingly, distinctively Australian — parrots, honeyeaters, and a wide range of other endemic and near-endemic groups better explored through dedicated Australian field guides than summarized through comparisons to species profiled elsewhere in this atlas.",[15,38,39],{},"Australia's extensive coastline also supports substantial seabird populations, particularly around offshore islands and remote stretches of coast largely free from disturbance, adding a further dimension to the continent's bird diversity beyond its well-known woodland and desert specialists.",[10,41,43],{"id":42},"seasonality","Seasonality",[15,45,46,47,50],{},"Australia's seasons run opposite to the Northern Hemisphere, with breeding activity for most temperate and woodland species concentrated broadly across ",[19,48,49],{},"spring and summer, roughly September through February",". The tropical north follows a more rainfall-driven pattern shaped by its wet and dry season cycle rather than temperature alone, while the arid interior's bird activity often responds opportunistically to unpredictable rainfall events rather than a fixed annual calendar, a pattern well suited to a landscape where reliable water can appear and disappear from one season to the next.",[10,52,54],{"id":53},"conservation-notes","Conservation notes",[15,56,57],{},"Habitat clearing for agriculture, along with the impact of introduced predators such as foxes and cats on species with no evolutionary history of defending against them, represent major ongoing pressures on Australia's native bird fauna, particularly for ground-nesting and smaller species vulnerable to predation. Extensive protected area networks and active conservation programs targeting some of the country's most threatened endemic species reflect the scale of effort required to address these long-standing pressures across such a vast and varied continent.",{"title":59,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":61},"",2,[62,63,64,65],{"id":12,"depth":60,"text":13},{"id":32,"depth":60,"text":33},{"id":42,"depth":60,"text":43},{"id":53,"depth":60,"text":54},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","Australia's long isolation produced one of the world's most distinctive bird faunas, from parrots and honeyeaters in eucalyptus woodland to seabirds along its enormous coastline.","md",[70,73,76],{"q":71,"a":72},"Why are parrots and honeyeaters so central to Australian bird life?","Both groups diversified extensively within Australia during the continent's long period of geographic isolation, parrots taking advantage of the continent's eucalyptus-dominated woodlands and honeyeaters evolving alongside the same nectar-rich eucalyptus and banksia flowers, together producing a level of species diversity within these two groups rarely matched anywhere else in the world.",{"q":74,"a":75},"Does Australia's climate vary enough to affect its bird life significantly?","Yes, considerably — Australia spans tropical monsoon climate across its north, arid desert across much of its vast interior, and temperate conditions across its southern coastal fringe, and this climate range supports correspondingly different bird communities in each zone, from tropical rainforest specialists in the far north to woodland and coastal species adapted to the more temperate south.",{"q":77,"a":78},"Are any bird species found in Australia also covered elsewhere in this atlas?","Almost none among native species, though a small number of European-origin birds introduced to Australia since colonial settlement have established lasting populations in cities and farmland; the overwhelming majority of Australia's bird fauna is unique to the continent or shared only with nearby parts of Oceania, distinct from the European, Russian, African, and Asian species that make up most of this atlas.","Photorealistic nature photo, a pair of colorful parrots perched on a bare eucalyptus branch in the Australian outback, pale peeling bark and sparse silver-green leaves surrounding them, dry red-earth landscape stretching to a distant horizon under a bright cloudless sky, warm midday light with sharp shadows, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","14.07.2026",1,"Australia",[89,93,97],{"label":90,"path":91,"description":92},"Birds of Australia and Oceania","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","Overview of bird life across the Australia and Oceania region",{"label":94,"path":95,"description":96},"Species catalogue","\u002Fvidy-ptic\u002Fvidy","Browse all bird species covered in the atlas",{"label":98,"path":99,"description":100},"Bird identifier","\u002Fopredelitel","Identify a bird you've seen by color, size, beak shape, habitat, and season",{"title":102,"description":103},"Birds of Australia — parrots, honeyeaters, and coastal species","A birdwatching guide to Australia: eucalyptus woodland parrots and honeyeaters, desert and tropical habitat, coastal seabirds, and seasonal patterns.",{"loc":84},"atlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","aDPAQfJZJYJSuRkqLAFXSn1i9TKl1CyiryhnPfKr4-0",{"ru":81,"es":81},[],[110,112,113],{"label":90,"path":91,"description":92,"coverImage":111},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",{"label":94,"path":95,"description":96,"coverImage":82},{"label":98,"path":99,"description":100,"coverImage":114},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Findex.png",[116,121,126,131,133,138,143,148],{"title":117,"description":118,"path":119,"coverImage":120,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Bird Distribution Maps","Distribution maps show where a species breeds, winters, and passes through on migration — and reading them well is one of the fastest ways to judge whether a sighting makes sense.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",{"title":122,"description":123,"path":124,"coverImage":125,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Africa","Africa's savanna, rainforest, desert, and Rift Valley lakes support one of the richest bird faunas on Earth, and serve as the wintering grounds for huge numbers of European and Asian migrants.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",{"title":127,"description":128,"path":129,"coverImage":130,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Asia","Asia stretches from Siberian taiga through Central Asian steppe and desert to the monsoon forests of the south and east, making it the most ecologically varied region in this atlas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"title":90,"description":132,"path":91,"coverImage":111,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Long isolation has given Australia and the Pacific islands a bird fauna dominated by unique local lineages, from parrots and honeyeaters to the flightless birds of remote island groups.",{"title":134,"description":135,"path":136,"coverImage":137,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Europe","From Atlantic coastlines to Alpine peaks, Europe packs an unusually wide range of bird habitats into a relatively compact area.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":139,"description":140,"path":141,"coverImage":142,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of North America","North America stretches from Arctic tundra to subtropical wetland, and shares a surprising number of species and close relatives with the Eurasian sections of this atlas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",{"title":144,"description":145,"path":146,"coverImage":147,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Russia","Russia spans eleven time zones and habitats from Baltic wetlands to Far Eastern taiga, giving it one of the most varied bird faunas of any single country in this atlas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png",{"title":149,"description":150,"path":151,"coverImage":152,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of South America","South America holds the richest bird fauna of any continent, from Amazon rainforest to Andean peaks and Patagonian steppe, and hosts many wintering songbirds and shorebirds from further north.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",[154],{"title":5,"description":67,"path":84,"coverImage":66,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},[156,162,163,164,170,171,172,173,178,183,184,189,194,199,204,209,210,216,221,227,228,229,235,241,246],{"title":157,"description":158,"path":159,"coverImage":160,"publishedAt":161,"order":82},"Bird Atlas by Region","Explore bird life region by region across Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, Australia and Oceania — with typical species and best places to watch.","\u002Fatlas","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Findex.png","13.07.2026",{"title":117,"description":118,"path":119,"coverImage":120,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},{"title":122,"description":123,"path":124,"coverImage":125,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},{"title":165,"description":166,"path":167,"coverImage":168,"publishedAt":169,"order":82},"Birds of Altai Krai","Altai Krai's forest-steppe landscape, unique ribbon pine forests, and thousands of steppe lakes make it one of southern Siberia's most productive regions for both open-country and waterbird species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png","28.07.2026",{"title":127,"description":128,"path":129,"coverImage":130,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},{"title":5,"description":67,"path":84,"coverImage":66,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},{"title":90,"description":132,"path":91,"coverImage":111,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},{"title":174,"description":175,"path":176,"coverImage":177,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Brazil","Brazil holds most of the Amazon basin, the vast Pantanal wetland, and a long Atlantic coastline, giving it the highest bird species count of any country on Earth.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.png",{"title":179,"description":180,"path":181,"coverImage":182,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of China","China's enormous range of climate zones and its position on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway make it one of the most consequential countries in the world for migratory bird conservation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"title":134,"description":135,"path":136,"coverImage":137,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},{"title":185,"description":186,"path":187,"coverImage":188,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Germany","Germany's Baltic and North Sea coasts, lowland farmland, and Alpine foothills give it one of the most varied and well-documented bird communities in central Europe.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":190,"description":191,"path":192,"coverImage":193,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Kenya","Kenya's savanna, Rift Valley lakes, montane forest, and Indian Ocean coast give it one of the highest bird diversities of any country in Africa, plus an important role for European migrants.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":195,"description":196,"path":197,"coverImage":198,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Krasnodar Krai","Krasnodar Krai's warm Black Sea coast, Kuban River wetlands, and Caucasus foothills give it one of the mildest climates and richest winter bird communities in Russia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":200,"description":201,"path":202,"coverImage":203,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Leningrad Oblast","Leningrad Oblast's Baltic coastline, taiga forest, and countless lakes and bogs make it one of the richest wetland and forest birding regions in northwestern Russia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":205,"description":206,"path":207,"coverImage":208,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Moscow Oblast","Moscow Oblast's mix of mixed forest, farmland, rivers, and city parks supports a rich resident and migratory bird community within easy reach of Russia's capital.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":139,"description":140,"path":141,"coverImage":142,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},{"title":211,"description":212,"path":213,"coverImage":214,"publishedAt":215,"order":82},"Birds of Novosibirsk Oblast","Novosibirsk Oblast's Baraba steppe wetlands, the Ob river, and the vast Ob Sea reservoir make it one of West Siberia's most productive regions for steppe and waterbird species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png","05.08.2026",{"title":217,"description":218,"path":219,"coverImage":220,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of Primorsky Krai","Primorsky Krai's temperate forests on the shores of the Sea of Japan sit at the meeting point of Siberian and East Asian bird faunas, making it one of Russia's most distinctive birding regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":222,"description":223,"path":224,"coverImage":225,"publishedAt":226,"order":82},"Birds of Rostov Oblast","Rostov Oblast's Don river delta, Sea of Azov coastline, and steppe lake systems make it one of southern Russia's key wetland and steppe birding regions along the Sea of Azov flyway.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png","03.08.2026",{"title":144,"description":145,"path":146,"coverImage":147,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},{"title":149,"description":150,"path":151,"coverImage":152,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},{"title":230,"description":231,"path":232,"coverImage":233,"publishedAt":234,"order":82},"Birds of Sverdlovsk Oblast","Sverdlovsk Oblast straddles the low, forested ridges of the Middle Urals on the boundary between Europe and Asia, its dense taiga and river valleys supporting a classic boreal forest bird community.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png","27.07.2026",{"title":236,"description":237,"path":238,"coverImage":239,"publishedAt":240,"order":82},"Birds of the Republic of Crimea","Crimea's mix of Black Sea and Sea of Azov coastline, the vast Sivash wetland, and a warm Mediterranean-influenced south coast make it one of the most important birding regions on Russia's southern flyway.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png","30.07.2026",{"title":242,"description":243,"path":244,"coverImage":245,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of the Republic of Karelia","Karelia's dense boreal forest, thousands of lakes, and long northern summer days make it one of Russia's premier destinations for taiga and wetland birdwatching.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":247,"description":248,"path":249,"coverImage":250,"publishedAt":85,"order":82},"Birds of the United States","From Alaskan tundra to Florida wetland, the United States spans an enormous range of bird habitats connected by well-defined migratory flyways used by hundreds of species each year.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",1787114552012]